2.7 Vanderah (1)

Question 1

Most neurons in the nervous system are of these types

Answer 1

• interneurons

- projection neurons

Question 2

sensory axons: cell body types

Answer 2

pseudounipolar

Question 3

motor axons: cell body type

Answer 3

multipolar

Question 4

multipolar neurons

Answer 4

multiple dendritic projections and an axon

Question 5

bipolar neurons

Answer 5

two dendritic processes

Question 6

unipolar neurons

Answer 6

one dendrite

Question 7

dendritic tree

Answer 7

total array of dendrites

Question 8

What are dendrites surrounded by?

Answer 8

• synaptic terminals

- processes of glial cells

Question 9

dendritic spines

Answer 9

preferred sites for some synapses

Question 10

anterograde transport

Answer 10

transport away from the soma

Question 11

retrograde transport

Answer 11

transport toward the soma

Question 12

slow transport

Answer 12

moves soluble proteins in anterograde direction

Question 13

fast transport

Answer 13

moves membrane associated substances

Question 14

All PNS glial cells are variants of these

Answer 14

Schwann cells

Question 15

satellite cells

Answer 15

flattened Schwann cells that surround neuronal cell bodies in PNS ganglia

Question 16

internode

Answer 16

• myelin between two nodes

- formed by a single Schwann cell

Question 17

myelination of smaller axons in peripheral nerves

Answer 17

• most are unmyelinated

- groups of axons are embedded in individual Schwann cells

Question 18

oligodendrocytes

Answer 18

• myelinate CNS axons
• produce internodes on multiple axons
• a single oligodendrocyte may have dozens of branches

Question 19

Do oligodendrocytes envelop unmyelinated CNS axons?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

Where are oligodendrocytes most commonly found?

Answer 20

white matter

Question 21

two classes of astrocytes

Answer 21

• protoplasmic (in gray matter)

- fibrous (in white matter)

Question 22

Where do astrocyte processes attach

Answer 22

everywhere

• capillaries
• surface of CNS
• dendrites
• synaptic endings
• nodes of Ranvier

Question 23

What do astrocytes do for the CNS?

Answer 23

• regulate ionic concentrations
• transfer metabolites
• control blood flow
• modulate synaptic function
• respond to injury by multiplying and forming gliotic scars

Question 24

ependymal cells

Answer 24

• epithelial lining in the ventricles

- produce CSF

Question 25

microglial cells size

Answer 25

smaller than oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

Question 26

microglial cells: what is their role?

Answer 26

nervous system’s response to injury

• sweep through extracellular spaces looking for damage or disease
• proliferate and transform into macrophages to devour debris