Exam 2 Study Guide 2 Flashcards

1
Q

stretch reflex

A
  • monosynaptic

- muscle contraction in response to a quick stretch

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2
Q

stretch reflex aka

A
  • myotatic
  • muscle stretch reflex
  • deep tendon reflex
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3
Q

cutaneous reflex

A
  • goes along with flexion withdrawal reflex

- If you step on something sharp, you have a cutaneous reflex that causes a flexion withdrawal reflex

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4
Q

flexion withdrawal reflex

A

movement of a limb away from a stimulus

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5
Q

inverse myotatic reflex

A

AUTOGENIC INHIBITION

  • agonist muscle relaxes after being stretched
  • ex. stretching quads causes them to relax
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6
Q

reciprocal inhibition in a stretch reflex

A
  • monosynaptic to agonist

- polysynaptic to antagonist

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7
Q

stretch reflex: decussation?

A

no

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8
Q

withdrawal reflex: poly/mono

A

polysynaptic

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9
Q

flexion reflex: decussation

A
  • no decussation

- ipsilateral inhibition of extensors + contraction of flexors

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10
Q

crossed extension portion: decussation

A
  • decussates in SC

- contralateral inhibition of flexors + contraction of extensors for WB

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11
Q

medial CST: direct connection from

A

cerebral cortex to SC

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12
Q

path of medial CST

A

motor cortex
» medullary pyramids
» SC

(descends in ventral funiculus)

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13
Q

medial CST: decussation

A

does not cross

  • innervates ipsilateral side of LMN of trunk, neck, and shoulder
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14
Q

Which tract is the most important one controlling voluntary movements?

A

lateral CST

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15
Q

path of lateral CST

A

motor cortex (motor planning areas)
» axons through internal capsule in peduncles
» through pons/medulla
» 90% of neurons cross at pyramidal decussation
» travels to SC and synapses with LMN

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16
Q

reticulospinal tract

A
  • begins in reticular formation

- facilitates bilateral LMNs that innervate postural and gross limb movement of muscles throughout the body

17
Q

rubrospinal tract path

A

red nucleus
» decussates immediately in brainstem
» travels to cervical cord
» innervates UE (extensors of wrist/fingers)

18
Q

corticobulbar tracts: purpose

A
  • how we get info through cranial nerves and to the face

- motor homunculus through brainstem

19
Q

corticobulbar tracts are important for

A
  • expression
  • swallowing
  • talking
20
Q

medial CST: synapse between UMN/LMN

A

cervical spinal cord

21
Q

medial CST: decussation

A

no

- ipsilateral only

22
Q

medial CST: muscles innervated

A
  • back muscles
  • shoulder
  • neck
23
Q

medial CST: function

A

control neck, shoulder, and trunk muscles (posture)

24
Q

lateral CST: start/finish

A

start: primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor areas
finish: contralateral innervation of limbs

25
Q

lateral CST: synapse between UMN/LMN

A

cervical spinal cord

26
Q

lateral CST: decussation

A

some do (lower medulla), some dont

27
Q

lateral CST: muscles innervated

A
  • distal limbs

- fractionate movements

28
Q

lateral CST: function

A

precise control of contralateral movements of limbs, fractionate movements

29
Q

rubrospinal tract: start/finish

A

start: red nucleus in midbrain
finish: contralateral upper limb muscles

30
Q

rubrospinal tract: synapse between UMN/LMN

A

cervical spinal cord

31
Q

rubrospinal tract: decussation

A

yes, midbrain

32
Q

rubrospinal tract: function

A

extends wrist and fingers

33
Q

lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts (inputs)

A

receive inputs from vestibular apparatus in the ear

  • about head position and movement (medial)
  • about gravity (lateral)