CH14: Cranial nerves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves exchange info between

A

PNS CNS

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2
Q

types of functions of cranial nerves

A

sensory
motor
autonomic

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3
Q

How do cranial nerves differ from spinal nerves?

A

specialization

  • motor only
  • sensory only
  • both
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4
Q

4 functions of cranial nerves

A
  • supply motor to muscles of face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and 2 neck muscles
  • transmit somatosensory info from skin, muscles of face, and from TMJ
  • transmit special sensory info
  • parasympathetic regulation
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5
Q

What special sensory info is transmitted by cranial nerves?

A

info related to sensations

  • visual
  • auditory
  • vestibular
  • gustatory
  • olfactory
  • visceral
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6
Q

What parasympathetic regulation is provided by cranial nerves?

A
  • pupil size
  • curvature of lens
  • HR
  • BP
  • breathing
  • digestion
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7
Q

Which two cranial nerves area actually considered part of the CNS? What are their functions?

A
  • olfactory: smell

- optic: vision

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8
Q

Much of info attributed to taste is from here.

A

olfactory

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9
Q

Why is olfactory nerve such a big contributor to taste?

A

because the information from taste buds is limited to chemoreceptors for

  • salty
  • sweet
  • sour
  • umami (i.e., “savory”)
  • bitter
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10
Q

retina

A

inner layer of posterior eye

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11
Q

What happens to light striking the retina (overall)?

A

converted into neural signals by photosensitive cells

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12
Q

Visual signals sent to the midbrain are involved in

A
  • reflexive responses of the pupil
  • awareness of light and dark
  • orienting the head and eyes
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13
Q

Where are visual signals sent from the retina?

A
  • lateral genticulate body (thalamus)

- nuclei in midbrain

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14
Q

Axons in the retina send neural signals through this path

A
  • down optic nerve
  • through optic chiasm
  • into the optic tract

*synapse in the lateral geniculate body

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15
Q

Which CNs are lumped together?

A

III, IV, VI

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16
Q

Why are CNs III, IV, and VI lumped together?

A

All contain motor neuron axons innervating the six extraocular muscles that move the eye and control reflexive constriction of the pupil

17
Q

rectus muscles attach to

A

anterior half of eyeball

18
Q

oblique muscles attach to

A

posterior half of eyeball

19
Q

How many rectus muscles?

20
Q

How many oblique muscles?

21
Q

CN III controls these eye muscles

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • pupillary sphincter
  • ciliary
22
Q

CN IV controls these eye muscles

A

superior oblique

23
Q

CN VI controls these eye muscles

A

lateral rectus

24
Q

function of levator palpebrae superioris

A

lifts eyelid

25
function of superior rectus
pupil up
26
function of medial rectus
pupil medial
27
function of inferior rectus
pupil down
28
function of inferior oblique (if eye is adducted)
pupil up
29
function of inferior oblique (if eye abducted)
rotates eye
30
function of pupillary sphincter
constricts pupil
31
function of ciliary
increases lens curvature
32
function of superior oblique (if eye adducted)
pupil down and in
33
function of superior oblique (if eye abducted)
rotates eye
34
function of lateral rectus
pupil lateral
35
Head and eye movements are coordinated by signals in
the medial longitudinal fasciculus
36
When does the ciliary muscle contract? Why?
- when viewing objects closer than 20 cm | - increase curvature of lens
37
What is the action of the ciliary muscle called?
accommodation
38
What is accommodation?
increases refraction of light rays to ensure that the focal point will be maintained on the retina