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7303 Neuroanatomy > CH14: Cranial nerves 1 > Flashcards

CH14: Cranial nerves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves exchange info between

A

PNS CNS

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2
Q

types of functions of cranial nerves

A

sensory
motor
autonomic

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3
Q

How do cranial nerves differ from spinal nerves?

A

specialization

  • motor only
  • sensory only
  • both
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4
Q

4 functions of cranial nerves

A
  • supply motor to muscles of face, eyes, tongue, jaw, and 2 neck muscles
  • transmit somatosensory info from skin, muscles of face, and from TMJ
  • transmit special sensory info
  • parasympathetic regulation
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5
Q

What special sensory info is transmitted by cranial nerves?

A

info related to sensations

  • visual
  • auditory
  • vestibular
  • gustatory
  • olfactory
  • visceral
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6
Q

What parasympathetic regulation is provided by cranial nerves?

A
  • pupil size
  • curvature of lens
  • HR
  • BP
  • breathing
  • digestion
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7
Q

Which two cranial nerves area actually considered part of the CNS? What are their functions?

A
  • olfactory: smell

- optic: vision

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8
Q

Much of info attributed to taste is from here.

A

olfactory

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9
Q

Why is olfactory nerve such a big contributor to taste?

A

because the information from taste buds is limited to chemoreceptors for

  • salty
  • sweet
  • sour
  • umami (i.e., “savory”)
  • bitter
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10
Q

retina

A

inner layer of posterior eye

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11
Q

What happens to light striking the retina (overall)?

A

converted into neural signals by photosensitive cells

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12
Q

Visual signals sent to the midbrain are involved in

A
  • reflexive responses of the pupil
  • awareness of light and dark
  • orienting the head and eyes
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13
Q

Where are visual signals sent from the retina?

A
  • lateral genticulate body (thalamus)

- nuclei in midbrain

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14
Q

Axons in the retina send neural signals through this path

A
  • down optic nerve
  • through optic chiasm
  • into the optic tract

*synapse in the lateral geniculate body

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15
Q

Which CNs are lumped together?

A

III, IV, VI

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16
Q

Why are CNs III, IV, and VI lumped together?

A

All contain motor neuron axons innervating the six extraocular muscles that move the eye and control reflexive constriction of the pupil

17
Q

rectus muscles attach to

A

anterior half of eyeball

18
Q

oblique muscles attach to

A

posterior half of eyeball

19
Q

How many rectus muscles?

A

4

20
Q

How many oblique muscles?

A

2

21
Q

CN III controls these eye muscles

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • inferior rectus
  • inferior oblique
  • pupillary sphincter
  • ciliary
22
Q

CN IV controls these eye muscles

A

superior oblique

23
Q

CN VI controls these eye muscles

A

lateral rectus

24
Q

function of levator palpebrae superioris

A

lifts eyelid

25
Q

function of superior rectus

A

pupil up

26
Q

function of medial rectus

A

pupil medial

27
Q

function of inferior rectus

A

pupil down

28
Q

function of inferior oblique (if eye is adducted)

A

pupil up

29
Q

function of inferior oblique (if eye abducted)

A

rotates eye

30
Q

function of pupillary sphincter

A

constricts pupil

31
Q

function of ciliary

A

increases lens curvature

32
Q

function of superior oblique (if eye adducted)

A

pupil down and in

33
Q

function of superior oblique (if eye abducted)

A

rotates eye

34
Q

function of lateral rectus

A

pupil lateral

35
Q

Head and eye movements are coordinated by signals in

A

the medial longitudinal fasciculus

36
Q

When does the ciliary muscle contract? Why?

A
  • when viewing objects closer than 20 cm

- increase curvature of lens

37
Q

What is the action of the ciliary muscle called?

A

accommodation

38
Q

What is accommodation?

A

increases refraction of light rays to ensure that the focal point will be maintained on the retina

7303 Neuroanatomy (69 decks)

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