3.14 Ch. 12.2 Flashcards
types of peripheral neuropathies
- mononeuropathy
- multiple mononeuropathy
- polyneuropathy
mononeuropathy
Involves a single nerve and is considered a focal dysfunction
multiple mononeuropathy
- Involves several nerves
- is multifocal (i.e., asymmetrically involves individual nerves).
polyneuropathy
- Involves many nerves
- is a generalized disorder that typically has a distal and symmetrical presentation.
3 categories of traumatic injuries
- traumatic myelinopathy
- traumatic axonopathy
- severance
traumatic myelinopathy refers to the loss of
- myelin
- limited to the site of injury
peripheral myelinopathies interfere with
function of large-diameter axons
What causes traumatic myelinopathy?
focal compression of a peripheral nerve
What can cause focal compression?
repeated mechanical stimuli
Where does traumatic axonopathy occur?
distal to the lesion
What does traumatic axonopathy disrupt?
- axons
- Wallerian degeneration
What does traumatic axonopathy affect?
- all sizes of axons
- reflexes
- somatosensation
- motor functions
**reduced or absent
traumatic axonopathy and regenerating axons
Regenerating axons are able to reinnervate appropriate targets because myelin and connective tissues remain intact.
When does severance occur?
- when nerves are physically divided by excessive stretching or laceration
- axons and connective tissue are completely interrupted
What does severance result in immediately?
- loss of sensation
- muscle paralysis in area supplied
