Exam 2 Study Guide 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the BG functional loops connected with?

A

motor (pyramidal) tracts

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2
Q

What happens when BG are damaged?

A

abn behavior and movements

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3
Q

SNpc

A
  • widespread control of BG, emotion, movement

- contains dopaminergic neurons

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4
Q

SNpr

A
  • major output nucleus of BG

- involved in direct and indirect pathways

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5
Q

Perforating branches of posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries supply:

A

SN

STN

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6
Q

perforating branches of MCA (aka lenticulostriate) supply:

A

striatum

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7
Q

anterior choroidal artery (branch of internal carotid) supplies:

A

globus pallidus

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8
Q

anterior cerebral artery (medial striate) supplies:

A

caudate

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9
Q

Which structures make decisions about motor based on circumstances?

A
  • head of the caudate

- prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

What is considered with decision making?

A
  • emotions
  • stress levels
  • environmental considerations
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11
Q

How does the head of the caudate help with motor planning?

A

takes in sensory stimuli to make decisions

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12
Q

How do direct/indirect pathways work?

A
  • antagonistic to one another

- neither is completely inactive

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13
Q

Lack of indirect pathway leads to

A

hyperkinesia

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14
Q

Lack of direct pathway input leads to

A

hypokinesia

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15
Q

overall function of indirect movement

A

modulates the direct pathway to produce smooth movements

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16
Q

What happens when you get disruption of the direct pathway?

A

hypokinesia

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17
Q

Which condition is associated with hypokinesia?

A

Parkinson’s

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18
Q

Which condition is associated with hyperkinesia?

A

Huntington’s

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19
Q

How does dopamine affect movement?

A
  • favors movement via direct pathway

- increases movement

20
Q

Which receptor increases direct pathway activity?

21
Q

Which receptor decreases indirect pathway activity?

22
Q

Huntington’s

A
  • hyperkinesia
  • lose GABAergic neurons in the striatum
  • no indirect pathway control
23
Q

Parkinson’s

A
  • hypokinesia
  • lose 80% of dopaminergic neurons
  • can’t make switch in activating direct pathway
24
Q

Both pathways from the motor cortex (with respect to the motor cortex and GPi) are (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

excitatory

25
GPi to VLPP is (excitatory/inhibitory)
inhibitory
26
VLPP to reticulospinal is (excitatory/inhibitory)
inhibitory
27
GPi to midbrain is (excitatory/inhibitory)
inhibitory
28
midbrain to reticulospinal is (excitatory/inhibitory)
excitatory
29
What types of info feeds into the cerebellum?
- sensory - proprioception - somatosensation - GTO - cutaneous mechanoreceptors
30
3 functional regions of the cerebellum
- vestibulocerebellum - spinocerebellum - cerebrocerebellum
31
systems feeding into vestibulocerebellum
vestibular | visual
32
vestibulocerebellum feeds into
- eye movements | - postural movements
33
spinocerebellum has to do with
- gross movements | - has effect on lateral and medial UMN systems
34
inputs for spinocerebellum
- somatosensory - sensorimotor - spiniocerebellar internal feedback tracts (SC)
35
outputs for spinocerebellum
- thalamus - brainstem projects to lateral and medial UMN
36
cerebrocerebellum has to do with
fine movement
37
inputs to cerebrocerebellum
somatosensory motor cortices via dentate nucleus
38
outputs of cerebrocerebellum
- motor thalamus | - cerebral cortex
39
inferior cerebellar peduncle receives afferents from
contralateral ION
40
middle cerebellar peduncle receives afferents from
pontine nuclei (mostly from cerebral cortex) cortex» pons» cerebellum
41
superior cerebellar peduncle sends efferents to
thalamic nuclei | brainstem
42
What supplies blood to the cerebellum?
SCA AICA PICA
43
cerebellum helps to
coordinate movement
44
SCA is off the
basilar artery
45
AICA is off the
basilar artery
46
PICA is off the
vertebral arteries