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7303 Neuroanatomy > Exam 2 Study Guide 4 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the BG functional loops connected with?

A

motor (pyramidal) tracts

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2
Q

What happens when BG are damaged?

A

abn behavior and movements

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3
Q

SNpc

A
  • widespread control of BG, emotion, movement

- contains dopaminergic neurons

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4
Q

SNpr

A
  • major output nucleus of BG

- involved in direct and indirect pathways

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5
Q

Perforating branches of posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries supply:

A

SN

STN

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6
Q

perforating branches of MCA (aka lenticulostriate) supply:

A

striatum

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7
Q

anterior choroidal artery (branch of internal carotid) supplies:

A

globus pallidus

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8
Q

anterior cerebral artery (medial striate) supplies:

A

caudate

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9
Q

Which structures make decisions about motor based on circumstances?

A
  • head of the caudate

- prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

What is considered with decision making?

A
  • emotions
  • stress levels
  • environmental considerations
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11
Q

How does the head of the caudate help with motor planning?

A

takes in sensory stimuli to make decisions

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12
Q

How do direct/indirect pathways work?

A
  • antagonistic to one another

- neither is completely inactive

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13
Q

Lack of indirect pathway leads to

A

hyperkinesia

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14
Q

Lack of direct pathway input leads to

A

hypokinesia

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15
Q

overall function of indirect movement

A

modulates the direct pathway to produce smooth movements

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16
Q

What happens when you get disruption of the direct pathway?

A

hypokinesia

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17
Q

Which condition is associated with hypokinesia?

A

Parkinson’s

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18
Q

Which condition is associated with hyperkinesia?

A

Huntington’s

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19
Q

How does dopamine affect movement?

A
  • favors movement via direct pathway

- increases movement

20
Q

Which receptor increases direct pathway activity?

A

D1

21
Q

Which receptor decreases indirect pathway activity?

A

D2

22
Q

Huntington’s

A
  • hyperkinesia
  • lose GABAergic neurons in the striatum
  • no indirect pathway control
23
Q

Parkinson’s

A
  • hypokinesia
  • lose 80% of dopaminergic neurons
  • can’t make switch in activating direct pathway
24
Q

Both pathways from the motor cortex (with respect to the motor cortex and GPi) are (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

excitatory

25
Q

GPi to VLPP is (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

inhibitory

26
Q

VLPP to reticulospinal is (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

inhibitory

27
Q

GPi to midbrain is (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

inhibitory

28
Q

midbrain to reticulospinal is (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

excitatory

29
Q

What types of info feeds into the cerebellum?

A
  • sensory
  • proprioception
  • somatosensation
  • GTO
  • cutaneous mechanoreceptors
30
Q

3 functional regions of the cerebellum

A
  • vestibulocerebellum
  • spinocerebellum
  • cerebrocerebellum
31
Q

systems feeding into vestibulocerebellum

A

vestibular

visual

32
Q

vestibulocerebellum feeds into

A
  • eye movements

- postural movements

33
Q

spinocerebellum has to do with

A
  • gross movements

- has effect on lateral and medial UMN systems

34
Q

inputs for spinocerebellum

A
  • somatosensory
  • sensorimotor
  • spiniocerebellar internal feedback tracts (SC)
35
Q

outputs for spinocerebellum

A
  • thalamus
  • brainstem

projects to lateral and medial UMN

36
Q

cerebrocerebellum has to do with

A

fine movement

37
Q

inputs to cerebrocerebellum

A

somatosensory motor cortices via dentate nucleus

38
Q

outputs of cerebrocerebellum

A
  • motor thalamus

- cerebral cortex

39
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle receives afferents from

A

contralateral ION

40
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle receives afferents from

A

pontine nuclei (mostly from cerebral cortex)

cortex» pons» cerebellum

41
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle sends efferents to

A

thalamic nuclei

brainstem

42
Q

What supplies blood to the cerebellum?

A

SCA
AICA
PICA

43
Q

cerebellum helps to

A

coordinate movement

44
Q

SCA is off the

A

basilar artery

45
Q

AICA is off the

A

basilar artery

46
Q

PICA is off the

A

vertebral arteries

7303 Neuroanatomy (69 decks)

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