94. Drugs of anaesthesia in swine Flashcards
Sedation and premedication?
Azaperone
Acepromazine
Diazepam
Xylazine
Detomidine
Medetomidine
Romifidine
Azaperone?
Azaperone 40mg/ml
- Cheap, effective, and licensed for pigs
- Control
o Fighting, maternal aggression, rejection of piglets
• 1-8mg/kg deep IM
o 1-2mg/kg
• 1-2mg/ttkg
o 12ml Inj (250kg)
• Smaller dose in large animal
o Related more to body surface area than mass
• Boar
o >1mg/kg
§ Penile prolapse
- Leave the pig for 20 minutes undisturbed
- Do not use in cold condition
o Peripheral vasodilation
§ Cardiovascular collapse
• Used in combination to produce “deeper” sedation
o Azaperone 1-2mg/kg + midazolam 0.3mg/kg IM
o Azaperone 1mg/kg + midazolam 0.1mg/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg IM
o Azaperone 1mg/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg IM
o Azaperone 1mg/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg +/- butorphanol 0.1-0.2mgkg IM
Acepromazine?
Acepromazine (ACP) 1% Inj
- Effect is unpredictable but is is used alone 0.03-.01mg/kg IM
- 20-40 minutes undisturbed
- Hypotension, heat loss
- Used in combination
o ACP 0.03-0.05mg/ttkg + ketamine 5mg/kg IM
Diazepam?
Diazepam, Midazolam (5mg/ml)
• Alone
o Not reliable sedation in adults
- 0.1-1mg/kg IM
- Bioavailability of diazepam is poor, midazolam is a better choice
- Piglets
o Intranasal or rectal application with midazolam
• Combination
o Midazolam 0.2mg/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg IM
Xylazine?
Xylazine (2%mg/ml)
• Less potent in pig than in cows or horses
o Cow > horse > pig
- Do not use alone
- Combination
o Xylazine 1-3mg/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg +/- butorphanol 0.1-0.2mg/kg IM
o 10-20 min
Detomidine?
Detomidine (10mg/ml)
- Like xylazine
- Combination
o Detomidine 0.1mg/ttkg + ketamine 5mg/kg +/- butorphanol 0.1-0.2mg/ttkg IM
Medetomidine?
Medetomidine (1mg/ml)
• Combination
o Medetomidine 30-80ug/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg +/- butorphanol 0.1-0.2mg/kg IM
§ “Field anaesthesia” not only for sedation
§ Sedation= omit the butorphanol
Romfidine?
Romifidine (1% Inj)
• Combination
o Romifidine 120ug/kg + ketamine 5mg/kg +/- butorphanol 0.1mg/ttkg IM
Induction and Maintenace?
Ethomidate
Thiopental
Ketamine
Ethomidate?
Etomidate (2mg/ml Inj)
- Not licensed but it can be used
- Combination
o Etomidate 200ug/kg + midazolam or diazepam 0.1mg/kg IV
Thiopental?
Thiopental
- 5-15mg/kg IV
- Dose depends on sedation
- Recovery period could be different
Ketamine?
Ketamine (100mg/ml Inj)
• Alone 10-20mg/kg IM or IV
o Muscle hypertonus
• Combination
o Ketamine 5mg/kg + diazepam or midazolam 0.1mg/kg IV
§ Salivation, excellent analgesia
Intraoperative fluid therapy?
Intraoperative fluid therapy
• IV catheter
o 5-10ml/kg/Hr
§ Hartmann’s, Salsol solution
