91. Parenteral drug administration and sample collection techniques in swine

Question 1

Intramuscular and Subcutaneous injection?

Answer 1

Intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injection

Accurate IM is difficult

• Neck muscle
• Triceps
• Epaxial lumbar muscle
• Gluteal
• Quadriceps

Intra-fat (IF) injection

• More common

Poor response

• Dose was insufficient or delivered into fat?

Question 2

Intravulval injection?

Answer 2

Intravulval injection

• PGF2a is produced by endometrium but affects the ovaries
• PGF2a has got a short half-life

o ~30 seconds

• Blood circulation (pulmonary system)

o Cow and ewe 90%

o Sow 40%

Vascular counter current exchange mechanism

• Cow, ewe, and sow
• Sow even vaginally
• To reduce the dose

o Can be halved ½

• Vulva meets the skin

Needle perpendicular to the skin

•

• Inject quickly

o 21G, 5/8”

§ “Iron needle”

Question 3

Prostaglandin and oxytocin injection?

Answer 3

Prostaglandin
• 1ml (not 2ml)
Oxytocin (10NE/ml)
• Farrowing 0.25ml= 2.5NE
• Milk let down and involution 0.5ml= 0.5NE

Question 4

IV injection and blood collection?

Answer 4

Intravenous (IV) injection and blood collection

• Auricular vessels (ear vein)

o Not easy to locate in small-ear breeds

o Gilts, sows, boars

• Jugular vein

o From 30kg + weight

• Vena cava cranialis

o Piglets from 2kg to 30kg weight and for adults

o Injection on the right side

o Anterior vena cava on the left

§ N. vagus on the left

Question 5

Intraperitoneal and per rectum injection and intradermal?

Answer 5

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection

If there is no suckling reflex

• Dextrose

Per rectum

Salt poisoning

• Fluid administration
• Midazolam

Intradermal injection almost horizontal along skin

Question 6

Sample collections?

Answer 6

Sample collections
• Faeces
• Blood
• Urine
o Stick with cup at the end
• Oral fluid
o Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
o PRRS
o SIV
• Swabbing
o Nose and tonsils
o Pasteurella multocida