1.Skin diseases of cattle Flashcards
List the categorys of skin diseases?
- General Skin diseases
- Acquired
- Viruses
- Bacterial
- Fungal
- Parasitic
- Neoplastic
Describe the General Skin diseases in cattle?
General: Alopecia/ hair loss in cattle
- Congenital (hereditary) alopecia
o Hypotrichosis congenita generalisata: Holstein Friesian
o Hypotrichosis congenita areata: Hereford
- Acquired alopecia/ hair loss
o Alopecia acquisita: B2 vitamin, Zn deficiency, cachexia, severe chronic diseases
- Partial signs of acquired skin diseases
o With other dermatological signs
§ Scabies, Trichophytiasis, louse infection
Describe the general skin diseases in Sheep?
General: loss of wool (alopecia) in sheep
- Chronic weight loss, cachexia
o Pseudotuberculosis, endo/ectoparasites
- Nutritional problem/ deficiency
o Protein, Co, Se deficiency
- Wool (fleece) eating
o End of the winter, housing
- Scabies
• + Lichenification, scaling, pruritus
Causes of photodermatitis in cattle and sheep(primary)?
Photodermatitis in cattle and sheep
• Primary photosensitization
o Plants containing photosensitizing (photogenic) substances
§ Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort)- hypericin
§ Fagopyrum esculentum
§ Lupinus albus, trifolium spp, brassica spp
Causes of secondary Photosensitisation in cattle and sheep?
Secondary photosensitization
o Aberrant pigment synthesis: inherited congenital porphyria
o Hepatogenous photosensitization: phylloerythrin accumulation
o Plants containing hepatotoxins
§ Lupinus spp, periconia spp, fungus
o Chemical
§ CCl, corticosteroids
What are the clinical symptoms of photodermatitis in cattle and sheep?
- Sunshine- hyperpigmented areas
- • Oedema, weeping, gangrene
- • On the head, extremities, udder
What is the treatment of photodermatitis in cattle and sheep?
No sunshine, eliminate etiological factors
• Laxatives
• Topical treatment
o Ichthyol, antihistamines, AB
What are the acquired skin diseases in cattle?
- Allergic dermatitis
- Post vaccinal allergic dermatitis
- Fleece rot of sheep
- Urticaria
- Allergic dermatitis: milk allergy/ urticaria due to missing milking event
Allergic dermatitis in Ruminants causes, clinical symptoms and treatment?
Allergic dermatitis in ruminants
• Dermatitis on the legs
o Potato poisoning, topical application of irritants (diazoline), dirty straw (sheep)
Clinical symptoms
• Exanthema (skin rash), vesicles (blister)
o Purulent/ necrotic processes
Treatment
- Change of feeding
- Local treatment
- Antihistamines
- Dry, clean straw
Post-vaccinal allegric dermatitis?
Post-vaccinal allergic dermatitis
• After FMD (food and mouth disease) vaccination
o Neck, extremities, udder
o Papules- serum- scab
Fleece rot of sheep and urticaria?
Fleece rot of sheep
• Constant wetting
Urticaria
- Acute allergic dermatitis
- Vaccination, blood transfusion, drugs, inhaled allergens, bacteria, parasites
Allergic dermatitis?
Allergic dermatitis: milk allergy/ urticaria due to missing milking event
• Treatment
o Prednisolone, noradrenaline, antihistamines
Viruses causing skin diseases?
Foot and mouth disease
Malignant catarrhal fever
pestivirus
papillomavirus
Lumpy skin
Foot and mouth disease?
Foot and mouth disease- Aphtovirus
• Nose, mouth, hoof
Clinical signs
• Vesicles, erosions, scales, detached hooves
Diagnosis
- Large epidemic
- High fever, Dermatological signs
- Swine can also be affected
Differential diagnosis
• Traumatic, allergic dermatitis, laminitis, mycotoxicosis (mouth)
Malignant catarrhal fever?
Malignant catarrhal fever- Herpesvirus
- Head, udder, scrotum, thigh
- Necrosis, ulcers
- Peripheral keratitis, vulva
Pestivirus?
VD- pestivirus
- Skin bleeding +/- skin ulcer
- Hoof margin, interdigital space
Papilloma virus?
Papillomatosis- papillomavirus, papovaviridae- Warts
- Papilloma virus
- Can be transmitted
o Contact, injuries, blood sucking arthropods
Treatment
- Surgical removal- if necessary
- Auto/herd vaccine
Lumpy skin disease?
Lumpy skin disease- capripoxvirus
Differential diagnosis
• Lab exam needed
o Herpes mamillitis: BHV-2
o Cowpox: orthopoxvirus
o Besnoitiosis, demodicosis
Bacterial skin diseases in cattle?
Necrobacillosis
Tuberculosis
Corynebacterium Pyogenes
Abcessation in ruminants
Bacterial detail?
•Necrobacillosis- fusobacterium necrophorum
Calf, lamb: skin lesion
• Adults: panaritium- fowl claw or infectious pododermatitis
Tuberculosis- mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Nodular skin lesions
Corynebacterium pyogenes
• Purulent dermatitis
Abscessation in ruminants
- Arcanobacterium (Trueperella), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- LIVER
Diagnosis
• Ultrasonography
o Umbilicus
Treatment
• Only use AB if significant cellulitis is present
Prevention
• Tylosin feeding/ vaccination
Fungal?
Trichophytiasis(Ringworm)
Ringworm contributing factors, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment?
Trichophytiasis (ringworm) - Can occur together with scabies
• Bovine (calves): trichophyton verrucosum
o Direct infection: animal – objects, animals, people
• Sheep (rare)
Contributing factors
- Poor hygiene- moisture, crowding, dark stable
- Nutritional problems- vitamin/protein deficiency
- Endoparasites- ascariasis, coccidiosis
Clinical signs
- Begins on the head and neck- spread to the trunk
- Regular oval lesions: alopecia, crust (thick grey, yellow)
- No itching
Diagnosis
• Typical skin lesions + skin scrape
Differential diagnosis
- Scabies
- Zn deficiency
- Louse infection
Treatment
• Vaccination
o Trichoben
• Topical therapy
o Enilconazole
• Per oral treatment
o Nystatin
- Vitamin E
- Elimination of the contributing factors
Parasitic?
Mange(scabies)
Herpes
Parasitic detail?
Parasitic
Mange (Scabies)
- Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis/ ovis
- Thick folds, crusts, pruritus
Herpes mamillitis- parapox virus infection
- Can be a zoonoses
- Cover human hands
