6. Cardiologic and hemopoietic diseases in ruminants Flashcards
Congenital heart diseases?
- Ventricular septal defect
- Teratology of fallot
- Bovine congestive heart failure
- Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)
- Atrial septal defect
Congenital in detail?
Congenital
- Ventricular septal defect
o If it becomes decompensated it will cause cardiac failure with cardia signs- the most common is right
sided heart failure
- Tetralogy of Fallot
o Rare
o When the aorta, truncus pulmonaris, 2 chambers in the heart all suffer a problem
o Truncus pulmonaris stenosis occurs
o Usually, a necroscopy finding
- Bovine congestive heart failure
o 2 genes are affected, in areas where this problem frequently occurs it is worth it to screen for this
disease.
4. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
5. Atrial septal defect (AD)
o Atrial defect, see missing connection between walls of the atrium
Acquired heart problems?
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Endocarditis
- Myocardial diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Traumatic pericarditis
Acquired heart problems in detail?
Acquired
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
o Most common clinical signs are brisket oedema (hard to see in mild cases as skin is loose here) and
positive jugular pulse
- Endocarditis (bacterial, TV)
o Bacteria can grow on the valves forming a bacterial thrombus, can be seen with an ultrasound.
Causes serious signs of heart failure, the most common clinical sign regarding this disease is fever so
always consider this in unknown fever cases.
- Myocardial diseases
o Idiopathic CMP (hereditary)
o Secondary myocardial diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmias
o Normal HR= 60-80 bmp, elevated =80-100bpm, 100-120bpm is a severe problem
- Traumatic pericarditis
- Biggest problem
- Very common even on the best cattle farms
- 8-10 cm long, sharp, penetrating metallic foreign bodies (after RPT)
Clinical signs?
Clinical signs:
• General Conditions
o Fever, dullness, anorexia
o Abnormal (stiff) movement, posture
• Respiratory Organs
o Tachypnoea, dyspnoea
o Abnormal respiratory sounds
o ± Coughing
o ± Horizontal dullness
• Circulatory Organs
o Cyanosis
o Brisket oedema
o Positive v. Jugularis pulse
o Tachycardia
o Faint cardiac sounds
o Splashing
o ++ Cardiac dullness
o (± Tympanic sound, ± pericardial rubbing sounds)
• Other Clinical Signs
o Chronic ruminal atony
o ± + Reticular pain probes
o Autointoxication
o Nephritis/nephrosis
o Hepatosis
Pericardiocentesis?
Pericardiocentesis: A large amount of suppurative fluid can be collectable. To check this got to the
Diernhofer triangle, if there is no lung sounds in this area it means there is fluid in the chest. Use a 4inch
long, 16 or 18-guage needle.
Additional examinations?
Additional Examinations:
- Ferroscopy (Not really used)
- Ultrasound- ventrally next to the sternum go up with the probe, if filled with fluid this is an indirect sign of
traumatic peritonitis
• ECG, radiography, 2DE
Lab exams?
Laboratory Examinations:
- Blood: neutrophilia, ++ glutaraldehyde probe, elevated activity of liver enzymes
- Urine: signs of renal disorders, ketonuria
Treatment of heart diseases?
Treatment:
- Usually, these animals are sent to the slaughterhouse
- Surgery?
- Pericardiocentesis!
- Antibiotics?
- Therapy of heart failure (?)
- Slaughter
Prevention of heart diseases?
Prevention:
- Elimination of foreign bodies
- Reticular magnet
