39. Enlargement of the soft birth canal in cattle. Instruments of obstetrical aid in cattle.

Question 1

Name the bony and soft parts of birth canal?

Answer 1

Enlargement if the Soft Birth Canal

The birth canal is composed of the bony part and the soft part.

Bony part: ox coxae (os ilei, os ishii, os pubis)

Ox sacrum

Coccygeal vertebrae

Pelvic ligaments

Soft part: corpus uteri Vestibulum

Cervix Vulva

Vagina Perineum

Hymen

Question 2

What causes the softening and enlargement of the birth canal?

Answer 2

Softening and Enlargement

Ring womb: failure of the cervix to dilate

1.Oestrogen rise

• Direct effect on myometrium
• Increase the myometrial response to oxytocin
• Softens cervix
• Initiates production and release of prostaglandin from placentomes
• Prostaglandin F2 alpha softens the cervix collagen

2.Relaxin

• Imports at for softening the soft parts of the birth canal
• Produced by the CL

Critical Sizes of the Soft Birth Canal

3 physiological narrowments: 1. cervix, 2. hymen, 3. vulva

Question 3

Instruments of obstetrical aid in cattle?

Answer 3

Instruments of Obstetrical Aid in Cattle

1. obstetrical snare (loop)
2. obstetrical chain (loop)
3. obstetrical traction bar
4. wire loops
5. snare introducers
6. obstetrical hooks
7. other

Question 4

Obstretrical snare and chain?

Answer 4

1 & 2 the obstetrical snare and chain

Use: with obstetrical traction bar for 1: fixation (of foetal parts)

2: direction of retained foetal part into birth canal
3: to replace manual pulling of a part of the body

Question 5

Snare types?

Answer 5

Round type and flat type

-2m length, -originally made from hemp, with a loop at at least one end

Question 6

Chain types?

Answer 6

Short type and long type

Advantages: easy to clean and sterilise, rust free coating
Replace obstetrical snares

Question 7

Obstetrical loop types?

Answer 7

Obstetrical Loop Types

1. simple snare loop
2. running loop (double)
3. whip loop (double)
4. loosening loop
5. lungwitz nape mouth loop
6. gang loop (double)
7. mandible loop
8. jöhnks snare loop
9. sake lumbar snare loop (needs two chains)

Question 8

Answer 8

1. single layer loop
2. running loop
3. whip loop

Advantages of a double loop = safer and more traction force can be applied

Question 9

Answer 9

Loosening loop

Lungwitz nape mouth loop

Advantages of 4&5: the loop size remains constant if the correct snare end is pulled
And can be applied for traction of the head

Answer 10

Gagny loop or solution of lateral deviation of the head.

mandible loop- Lat deviation of the head, dead foetus

Question 11

Answer 11

Johnks snare loop

Can break mandible
Solution for hock flexion

Question 12

Snare introducers?

Answer 12

Snare introducers

Crucial tool for fetotomy

Role: to enable the application of an obstetrical snare, chain or wire saw on an abnormally or far located Foetal part,

which otherwise could not be reached because of short arm length

Type

1. zwick snare sand introducer
2. schrivers snare introducer

Question 13

Obstretical hooks?

Answer 13

Role: reposition, traction

Types

Obstertags eye hook

harms eye hook

Answer 14

krey schotter double hook

cseh horvath semi automatic double hook

Answer 15

Obermeyer anal hook