56. The importance of automatic systems in the diagnostics of diseases in cattle Flashcards
Monitoring of physiological parameters?
Monitoring of physiological parameters
• Rumination time
o Sound of the ruminal content travelling up the oesophagus
o Detection of chewing motions
o Detection of ruminal contractions
• Reticuloruminal bolus
o Reticuloruminal temperature and pH
• Accelerometery (activity)
o Singular device – pedometer
• HRV (Heart rate variability)
o Equipment adapted from hu and eq med
o Experimental application, not yet practical for daily use
Rumination as a physiological parameter?
Rumination as a physiological parameter
- Daily rumination time (RT) 7.5 to 9 hrs – longest peak lactation
- Influencing factors
o Feed intake
o Feed composition
o Daily routine – resting
o Physiological changes
o Diseases (metritis, ketosis, lameness, LDA)
o Group hierarchy
Measuring the rumination time?
Measuring rumination time
• Before the 2000s
o Complicated
o Retrospective analysis of video footage
o Actual visual observations
o Not economical – time, extra work. Today only used for validation of new systems
• Today – “big data” – complex system
o Devices for detection of rumination time:
§ Collar sensor
- Singularity
- Part of automatic milking system – AMS
§ Ear tag senor (accelerometer)
§ Reticuloruminal bolus (accelerometer)
o Collar senor
§ Rumination detection by microphone
§ Individual calibration: 2-3 weeks
§ Placement
§ The sensor should be situated on the left side of the neck at the border of the top and
middle thirds
Ear tag sensor, reticuloruminal bolus?
Ear tag sensor, reticuloruminal bolus
• Measurement of rumination time by accelerometery:
o Ear tag
§ Detection of mastication
§ Total rumination time
§ Number of chewing motions
§ Chewing bolus
o Reticuloruminal bolus
§ Part of activity monitoring
§ Special algorithm
§ Reticuloruminal motion energy + number of reticuloruminal contractions
§ 86.1% accuracy compared to collar sensors
Monitoring of rumination time?
Monitoring of rumination time
- PC software/smartphone
- Real time monitoring
- Automatic alerts – customisable
- Additional value
o Detection of feeding/drinking – extra algorithm
o Collar sensor – panting – heat stress
• Practical application
o Placement at around 3 weeks before expected calving (regrouping from dry to close up)
o Peripartal period is critical – majority of disease
Early diagnoses of disease?
What is required for the system to alter us?
What is required for the system to alter us?
• Disease to affect the general condition of the animal!!!!
o Acute mastitis, metritis, clinical ketosis, lDA – easily visible CS
o Subclinical ketosis- ketone bodies affect the whole animal
• Local processes usually do not cause general clinical signs:
o Clinical endometritis
• Chronic problems often do not produce obvious clinical signs
o Chronic mastitis
Measurement of reticuloruminal temperature and pH?
Measurement of reticuloruminal temperature and pH
• Reticuloruminal temperature:
o Can be higher than rectal temperature
o Influencing factors:
§ Heat stress
§ Diseases (milk fever - ↓, fever - ↑)
§ Feeding/drinking (drench)
§ Circadian rhythm – feeding, resting, day/night
• Reticuloruminal pH:
o Classic thresholds: 6.3-7.1, but!
o Influencing factors:
§ Feed intake and composition - SARA
§ Rumination time – saliva – buffer
§ Diseases - ↓
§ Circadian rhythm
Accelerometery?
Accelerometery
• Numerous variables
o Step count
o Standing time
o Lying time
o Lying bouts
o Special movements of heat (collar- neck extension)
• Influencing factors
o Technology, farm conditions
o hierarchy
o disease – systemic signs, lameness
o heat
• wide range of products
o collar
o halter
o ear tag
o reticuloruminal bolus
o chest/abdominal harness
o leg band
o tail sensor (calving later)
