40. Definition of the presentation, position, and posture of the foetus in cattle. Normal and abnormal presentations in cattle.

Question 1

Normal presentation?

Answer 1

Presentation, position, and posture describes how the foetus lays in the pregnant uterus or within the birth canal

1.Presentation

Relation of the long axis of the foetus to that of the dam

Normal: longitudinal presentation

Question 2

Answer 2

Longitudinal anterior presentation

Question 3

Normal presentation

Question 4

Abnormal presentation

Answer 4

Dorso-transverse presentation

Question 5

Abnormal presentation

Answer 5

ventro -transverse presentation

Question 6

abnormal presentation

Answer 6

Oblique ventro vertical presentation

and no pic oblique dorso vertical presentation

Question 7

Differentiation of normal presentations?

(Anterior presentation)

Answer 7

Differentiation of Normal (longitudinal) Presentations

Anterior presentation

• Metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) and the carpus joint are flexed to the same direction
• Bony knob (tuber olecrani) is present at the second joint proximal to the fetlock
• In dorsal position of the foetus the palmar sides of the forelimbs are facing vertical
• Recognition of the head and neck (mouth, nose, ears, trachea, mane)

Question 8

Differentation of normal presentation?

(Posterior presentation)

Answer 8

Posterior presentation

• Metatarsophalangeal joint (fetlock) and the first joint proximal (tarsal) to that are flexed to the opposite

direction

• Bony knob (tarsus) is present at the first joint proximal to the fetlock
• In dorsal position of the foetus the plantar sides of the hind limbs are facing dorsally
• Recognition of tail, anus, umbilical cord, testis, scrotum

Question 9

Position?

Answer 9

Position

Relation of the vertebral column of the foetus to that of the dam

Normal: dorsal (upright) position

Question 10

Posture?

Answer 10

Posture

Relation of the head, neck, and legs of the foetus to its trunk

Normal: a) during pregnancy: flexed

b) during parturition: extended

Predisposing factors for abnormal postures

• Premature birth
• Any type of uterine inertia
• Twins
• Reduction in the intrauterine space

Question 11

Abnormal head positions?

Answer 11

Question 12

Abnormal forelimb presentations?

Answer 12

Question 13

Abnormal Hindlimb presentation?

Answer 13

Question 14

Normal presentations?

Answer 14

Normal presentations.

• During pregnancy; longitudinal presentation (anterior or posterior)

Dorsal (upright) position (ventral in equine)

Flexed posture

• During parturition; same as above but extended posture