112.Prolapse of rectum and vulval haematoma in swine

Question 1

Rectal prolapse incidence?

Answer 1

Incidence

Growing pigs

Occasionally in breeding females

Question 2

Rectal prolapse options for treatment?

Answer 2

Options for treatment

1. Replace & retain → Preferred option
2. Insert corrugated tube into prolapse → ligate → slough off (growers)
3. Suture & amputate Replace

Question 3

Describe the replace and retain method?

Answer 3

Replace and retain method

1. Separate the pig & restrain upside down in a barrel
2. Clean the surface, remove any faeces, and administer local anaesthetic
3. Synthetic suture material → Mattress/purse string suture pattern around the rectum
4. Lubricate the area and replace the rectum
5. Tighten the suture, leaving 1-2 fingers width

If the prolapse is swollen, give gentle pressure for 15 mins;

Give long-acting Abx; Suture is removed after 7 days

Question 4

Describe the corrugated tubing method?

Answer 4

Corrugated tubing method

1. Separate the pig & restrain upside down in a barrel
2. Clean the surface and remove any faeces
3. Insert a 75mm x 20mm diameter tube, placing an elastic band around the prolapse

next to the skin

4. Tie tightly so the blood supply cut off → Necrosis → Drops off

Give long acting abx

Question 5

Steps for suture and amputate?

Answer 5

Suture & amputate

1. Separate the pig & restrain upside down in a barrel
2. Clean the surface, remove any faeces, and administer local anaesthetic
3. Insert two fingers into the prolapse → 6mm from the skin → interrupted sutures each

one overlapping the others

4. Cut off the tissue
5. Cull the pig as soon as possible → Rectal adhesion

Question 6

Vulval haematoma incidence?

Answer 6

Vulval haematoma

Incidence

Common in gilts

Occasionally in second-litter females Rare in sows

Rupture → Continual bleeding → Death

Question 7

Treatment of vulval haematoma?

Answer 7

Treatment

1. Sedation; Restraint; Cleaning of the site
2. Local anaesthesia
3. Options:
   i. Bandage between the lips behind haematoma and tie → remove after 3 mins
   ii. Haemorrhage is not stopped → Mattress suture behind haematoma
   iii. Haemorrhage is not stopped but vessel is visible → Clamp &ligate
4. Check the sow every 15 mins over 2-3 hours post op for further bleeding

Give long acting abx