79. Diseases of the GI tract in Swine Flashcards
Stomatitis diff diag?
Salivation (=Stomatitis diff dg):
- INFECTIOUS: rabies
• Viral diseases causing vesicles
- NON INFECTIOUS: Physical-chemical causes
- Bacterial diseases
- Fungal diseases
- Miscellaneous diseases
Diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus?
Viral diseases causing vesicles
Physical causes
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Miscellaneous diseases
Pharyngeal pouch and esophagus diseases
Viral diseases causing vesicles?
Viral diseases causing vesicles
- Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD),
- Swine vesicular disease (SVD),
- Vesicular exanthema of Swine (VES),
- Vesicular Stomatitis (VS)
Occurs:
• snout, oral mucosa, hoof
Physical chemical causes?
. Physical-chemical causes
• heat effect, acid, alkalizers
Bacterial diseases?
Bacterial diseases
- Necrobacillosis-mostly in nursing piglets- teeth reduction
- Actinobacillosis
- Stachybotryotoxicosis- necrotic area in snout, mouth, nipples
- Greasy Pig Disease-Staphylococcus hyicus
Fungal diseases?
Fungal diseases
- Candida albicans
- Stachybotris atra (toxin)
Miscellaneous diseases?
Miscellaneous diseases
• Tonsillitis
o Aujeszky’s disease, swine fever, anthrax, SVD
• Sialoadenitis
o vit A deficiency, SVD
Clinical signs
• Salivation, dysphagia, weight loss
Treatment
- Can’t be performed in industrial pig keeping- separation, treatment of the basic cause
- backyard farm individual treatment- separation, diet, treatment of the basic disease
Pharyngeal pouch obstruction and oesophagus disease?
Pharyngeal pouch and oesophagus diseases
• Pharynx obstruction, perforation
o foreign bodies, iatrogenic effect
o periesophageal phlegmon
• Pharyngeal paralysis – Lyssa!!!
Obstruction/perforation of the oesophagus
- nutrition particles, bones, foreign bodies
- Treatment: emetics, endoscopy, /surgery
Pharyngeal pouch obstruction
Sporadic disease in a herd
- after AB treatment, some animals become emaciated
- Some animals lost weight after individual treatment
- Individual treatment with a drenching gun
Swine gastric diseases?
- Gastric dilation
- Gastric torsion
- foreign body in the stomach
- Gastritis
- causes of gastric ulceration
Gastric dilation?
. Gastric dilatation
- failure of dry matter intake
- feeding technology failures
Gastric torsion?
Gastric torsion
- sows
- change in feeding, restlessness
Foreign body in the stomach?
Foreign body in the stomach
- pasture kept sows stones
- zoo trichobezoar
Gastritis?
Gastritis- chemical or physical causes
- irritative agents, foreign body
- TGE
- salmonellosis
- fungal gastritis
- swine fever, ASF, Köves-disease
- oedematic disease
- parasitic gastritis
Causes of gastric ulceration?
- Causes of gastric ulceration
• Any problems around nutrition and technology
pH gradient decreases between cardia and fundus
- particle size of feed <600-700 µm
- heat damage of granulated feed
- Vit E and/or Zn deficiency
- absence dry matter intake, hunger
- feed refusal
- systemic diseases
- acute respiratory illnesses
- stress
- Helicobacter suis, Fusobacterium sp.
- Vomitoxin
Clinical signs of gastric ulceration
- Anaemia
- decreased appetite, teeth grinding
- melaena
- BCS loosing, sudden death
- arrodation or peritonitis can occur!
- regurgitation in case of a healed ulcer
Treatment of gastric ulceration
- drugs used elsewhere usually have no evidential effect
- H2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine, ranitidine)
- Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)
- prostaglandin-E
- kaolin, pectines, sucralfate
- S- metil-metionin
- sunflower hull
Differential diagnosis
- Ulcer as part of systemic infection
- Salmonellosis, erysipelas, Streptococcus-septicaemia
Diseases of the intestines?
- Congenital disorders
- dislocation of the intestine
- Herniation
- Ileus
- Dilation of the intestines
- Constipation
- Enteritis
Congenital disorders (Atresia Ani)
Congenital disorders
• Atresia ani
o due to failure of per- formation of the membrane separating endodermal hind- gut from ectodermal
anal membrane
o Operable
o Other possibility: persistent Merkel’s diverticulum
Dislocation of the intestine?
Dislocation of the intestine
- torsion of the intestine
- abnormal peristalsis or content
- abnormal large intestine fermentation
- Abnormal movements of the animal
- Adhesions, ligaments in the abdominal cavity
- chronic peritonitis
Prolapse of the rectum
- genetic predisposition
- enhanced intestinal motility
- enteritis, colitis
- Zearalenone mycotoxicosis
- increased abdominal muscle contraction: (pneumonia) ,Urolithiasis in males
Consequences:
• Bleeding, cannibalism, strictura
Differential diagnosis of dislocation of the intestine?
Herniation?
Herniation
- umbilical hernia
- inguinal hernia
- Perineal hernia
Ileus?
Ileus
- Congenital disorder
- obturation
- Compression
- Functional stenosis:
o paralytic ileus
• Strictura
o congenital
o acquired: abscess, hematoma, tumour, stria
Dilation of the intestines?
Dilatation of the intestines
• Primer megacolono Lack of plexus myentericus,
o Hirschsprung’s disease
• Secondary megacolon:
o chronic proctitis
o chronic peritonitis
o secondary to rectal prolapse
Constipation?
Constipation
• Sows: After farrowing
o Endotoxemia, hypogalactia, piglet diarrhoea
o Nutritional disorder, lack of fibre
• Other ages
o Fever
o Lack of water
• Treatment:
o Paraffin, MgSO4
Enteritis?
. Enteritis
Causes
• External causes
o Nutrients, plant toxins, mycotoxins, irritative agent, medication, pathogens
• Internal causes
o Constipation, metabolic problems, dysbiosis
• Secretion
o Enterotoxaemia E. coli, Clostridium, Coronavirus, Rotavirus
• Osmotic:
o Malabsorption
• Exudative
o Bacterial, Viral
• Altered motility
Pathogenesis
- enteritis/colitis – Acute or chronic catarrhal enteritis/colitis
- Bloody enteritis colitis
- Membranous enteritis/colitis diphtheroid
- Necrotic enteritis/colitis
- Proliferative enteritis/colitis
Clinical signs
- Small or large intestinal origin
- Contents: blood, mucus, unfermented feed
- Melaena
- pH, Frequency
- Other systemic signs: restlessness, fever
Treatment
• Antibiotics
o No preventive treatment
o Laboratory resistance testing
o Medication through feed and water
o ppm – Dosage: grams per ton
• Zinc oxide
o Growth promoter
o 150 ppm
o Therapeutic dosage: 2500-3000 ppm
o in vitro antimicrobial effect
o Excretion via faeces
o Environmental effect
- Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
- Glucose 67.5%
- NaCl - Sodium chloride 14.3%
- Glycine 10.4%
- Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.8%
- Citric acid 0.8%
- Potassium citrate 0.2%
- Antibiotic Alternatives
o Probiotic: pl: Bacillus subtilis PB6, fructooligosacharide, Lactobacillus phytobiotics
o Biocides (Thymol)
o essential oils
o organic acids
• Vaccines:
o PPE- Lawsonia intracellularis
Differential diagnosis of enteritis?
