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Farm Animal Final > 79. Diseases of the GI tract in Swine > Flashcards

79. Diseases of the GI tract in Swine Flashcards

1
Q

Stomatitis diff diag?

A

Salivation (=Stomatitis diff dg):

  1. INFECTIOUS: rabies

• Viral diseases causing vesicles

  1. NON INFECTIOUS: Physical-chemical causes
  2. Bacterial diseases
  3. Fungal diseases
  4. Miscellaneous diseases
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2
Q

Diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus?

A

Viral diseases causing vesicles

Physical causes

Bacterial diseases

Fungal diseases

Miscellaneous diseases

Pharyngeal pouch and esophagus diseases

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3
Q

Viral diseases causing vesicles?

A

Viral diseases causing vesicles

  • Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD),
  • Swine vesicular disease (SVD),
  • Vesicular exanthema of Swine (VES),
  • Vesicular Stomatitis (VS)

Occurs:

• snout, oral mucosa, hoof

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4
Q

Physical chemical causes?

A

. Physical-chemical causes

• heat effect, acid, alkalizers

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5
Q

Bacterial diseases?

A

Bacterial diseases

  • Necrobacillosis-mostly in nursing piglets- teeth reduction
  • Actinobacillosis
  • Stachybotryotoxicosis- necrotic area in snout, mouth, nipples
  • Greasy Pig Disease-Staphylococcus hyicus
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6
Q

Fungal diseases?

A

Fungal diseases

  • Candida albicans
  • Stachybotris atra (toxin)
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7
Q

Miscellaneous diseases?

A

Miscellaneous diseases

• Tonsillitis

o Aujeszky’s disease, swine fever, anthrax, SVD

• Sialoadenitis

o vit A deficiency, SVD

Clinical signs

• Salivation, dysphagia, weight loss

Treatment

  • Can’t be performed in industrial pig keeping- separation, treatment of the basic cause
  • backyard farm individual treatment- separation, diet, treatment of the basic disease
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8
Q

Pharyngeal pouch obstruction and oesophagus disease?

A

Pharyngeal pouch and oesophagus diseases

• Pharynx obstruction, perforation

o foreign bodies, iatrogenic effect

o periesophageal phlegmon

• Pharyngeal paralysis – Lyssa!!!

Obstruction/perforation of the oesophagus

  • nutrition particles, bones, foreign bodies
  • Treatment: emetics, endoscopy, /surgery

Pharyngeal pouch obstruction

Sporadic disease in a herd

  • after AB treatment, some animals become emaciated
  • Some animals lost weight after individual treatment
  • Individual treatment with a drenching gun
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9
Q

Swine gastric diseases?

A
  1. Gastric dilation
  2. Gastric torsion
  3. foreign body in the stomach
  4. Gastritis
  5. causes of gastric ulceration
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10
Q

Gastric dilation?

A

. Gastric dilatation

  • failure of dry matter intake
  • feeding technology failures
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11
Q

Gastric torsion?

A

Gastric torsion

  • sows
  • change in feeding, restlessness
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12
Q

Foreign body in the stomach?

A

Foreign body in the stomach

  • pasture kept sows stones
  • zoo trichobezoar
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13
Q

Gastritis?

A

Gastritis- chemical or physical causes

  • irritative agents, foreign body
  • TGE
  • salmonellosis
  • fungal gastritis
  • swine fever, ASF, Köves-disease
  • oedematic disease
  • parasitic gastritis
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14
Q

Causes of gastric ulceration?

A
  1. Causes of gastric ulceration

• Any problems around nutrition and technology

pH gradient decreases between cardia and fundus

  • particle size of feed <600-700 µm
  • heat damage of granulated feed
  • Vit E and/or Zn deficiency
  • absence dry matter intake, hunger
  • feed refusal
  • systemic diseases
  • acute respiratory illnesses
  • stress
  • Helicobacter suis, Fusobacterium sp.
  • Vomitoxin

Clinical signs of gastric ulceration

  • Anaemia
  • decreased appetite, teeth grinding
  • melaena
  • BCS loosing, sudden death
  • arrodation or peritonitis can occur!
  • regurgitation in case of a healed ulcer

Treatment of gastric ulceration

  • drugs used elsewhere usually have no evidential effect
  • H2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine, ranitidine)
  • Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)
  • prostaglandin-E
  • kaolin, pectines, sucralfate
  • S- metil-metionin
  • sunflower hull

Differential diagnosis

  • Ulcer as part of systemic infection
  • Salmonellosis, erysipelas, Streptococcus-septicaemia
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15
Q

Diseases of the intestines?

A
  1. Congenital disorders
  2. dislocation of the intestine
  3. Herniation
  4. Ileus
  5. Dilation of the intestines
  6. Constipation
  7. Enteritis
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16
Q

Congenital disorders (Atresia Ani)

A

Congenital disorders

• Atresia ani

o due to failure of per- formation of the membrane separating endodermal hind- gut from ectodermal

anal membrane

o Operable

o Other possibility: persistent Merkel’s diverticulum

17
Q

Dislocation of the intestine?

A

Dislocation of the intestine

  • torsion of the intestine
  • abnormal peristalsis or content
  • abnormal large intestine fermentation
  • Abnormal movements of the animal
  • Adhesions, ligaments in the abdominal cavity
  • chronic peritonitis

Prolapse of the rectum

  • genetic predisposition
  • enhanced intestinal motility
  • enteritis, colitis
  • Zearalenone mycotoxicosis
  • increased abdominal muscle contraction: (pneumonia) ,Urolithiasis in males

Consequences:

• Bleeding, cannibalism, strictura

18
Q

Differential diagnosis of dislocation of the intestine?

A
19
Q

Herniation?

A

Herniation

  • umbilical hernia
  • inguinal hernia
  • Perineal hernia
20
Q

Ileus?

A

Ileus

  • Congenital disorder
  • obturation
  • Compression
  • Functional stenosis:

o paralytic ileus

• Strictura

o congenital

o acquired: abscess, hematoma, tumour, stria

21
Q

Dilation of the intestines?

A

Dilatation of the intestines

• Primer megacolono Lack of plexus myentericus,

o Hirschsprung’s disease

• Secondary megacolon:

o chronic proctitis

o chronic peritonitis

o secondary to rectal prolapse

22
Q

Constipation?

A

Constipation

• Sows: After farrowing

o Endotoxemia, hypogalactia, piglet diarrhoea

o Nutritional disorder, lack of fibre

• Other ages

o Fever

o Lack of water

• Treatment:

o Paraffin, MgSO4

23
Q

Enteritis?

A

. Enteritis

Causes

• External causes

o Nutrients, plant toxins, mycotoxins, irritative agent, medication, pathogens

• Internal causes

o Constipation, metabolic problems, dysbiosis

• Secretion

o Enterotoxaemia E. coli, Clostridium, Coronavirus, Rotavirus

• Osmotic:

o Malabsorption

• Exudative

o Bacterial, Viral

• Altered motility

Pathogenesis

  • enteritis/colitis – Acute or chronic catarrhal enteritis/colitis
  • Bloody enteritis colitis
  • Membranous enteritis/colitis diphtheroid
  • Necrotic enteritis/colitis
  • Proliferative enteritis/colitis

Clinical signs

  • Small or large intestinal origin
  • Contents: blood, mucus, unfermented feed
  • Melaena
  • pH, Frequency
  • Other systemic signs: restlessness, fever

Treatment

• Antibiotics

o No preventive treatment

o Laboratory resistance testing

o Medication through feed and water

o ppm – Dosage: grams per ton

• Zinc oxide

o Growth promoter

o 150 ppm

o Therapeutic dosage: 2500-3000 ppm

o in vitro antimicrobial effect

o Excretion via faeces

o Environmental effect

  • Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
  • Glucose 67.5%
  • NaCl - Sodium chloride 14.3%
  • Glycine 10.4%
  • Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.8%
  • Citric acid 0.8%
  • Potassium citrate 0.2%
  • Antibiotic Alternatives

o Probiotic: pl: Bacillus subtilis PB6, fructooligosacharide, Lactobacillus phytobiotics

o Biocides (Thymol)

o essential oils

o organic acids

• Vaccines:

o PPE- Lawsonia intracellularis

24
Q

Differential diagnosis of enteritis?

A

Farm Animal Final (116 decks)

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