15. Hoflund syndrome Flashcards
What is hoflund syndrome?
Vagal indigestion
Nervous supply of the forestomachs?
- Nervous supply: N. Vagus controls the motility of the forestomaches!
- Tr. dorsalis: rumen
- Tr. ventralis: other 3 stomachs
Etiology of hoflund syndrome?
Etiology
• Any kind of injuries, inflammation, or pressure which damage Vagus nerve function
o Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
§ Cranio-medial region
o Reticular abscess
§ Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (cranio-medial region)
o Abscess in the left liver lobe
§ Subacute rumen acidosis
= parasympaticomimetic disturbed! —> Hoflund syndrome!
Other causes: abscess in left liver lobe
Pathogenesis?
Vagus lesion–>
- Functional vagal abnormalities
- Central: first Vagus excitement (parasympathetic)
- Peripheral: sympathetic (parasympaticolytic=sympathetic) = function/motility stopped peripherally!
- → Many negative consequences on the different orifices:
o = disorders of motility/rumination/belching
- → Finally leading to functional stenosis
- Anterior: reticulo-omasal orifice
- Posterior: pylorus (abomasum exit)
o = blocked passage of feed!
disorders (inactivity) of stomach motility/rumination/belching
Consequences of reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction(anterior functional stenosis)?
Consequences of reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction (anterior functional stenosis)
• Failure of omasal transport
o Pumping or sucking function of the omasum decr
o Reticular groove reflex decr
• Ruminal dysfunction
o Enlargement of the rumen
• Failure of abomasal transport
o Omasum and abomasum dysfunction
o Enlargement of omasum and abomasum
- Reflux
- Ruminal dysfunction
o More liquid and gas accumulation in the rumen
o Enlargement of the rumen
Common clinical signs?
Common clinical signs
• Course
o Subacute, chronic (weeks and months)
• General symptoms
o Weakness, moderate but irreversible weight loss
• Basic clinical values
o T, P decr and R incr
• Skin
o Exsiccosis, signs of a chronic disease
• MM
o Pale and dry
• Digestive organs
o Appetite +/-
o Rumen
§ Abnormal contractions, rumination and belching decr, abnormal ruminal content, longlasting variable distension
o Faeces
§ Dry and dark- less, pasty and sticky
o Rectal examination
§ Abnormal content within the dilated rumen
Diagnosis?
Diagnosis
• Based on clinical signs
o Chronic abdominal distension
o Chronic weight loss
o Recurrent bloat
o Abnormal ruminal movement
o Typical ruminal content (2 types)
o Rumenotomy (punction of abscess
Differential diagnosis?
Differential diagnosis: shape will help a lot!
- Primary and secondary ruminal tympany
- Diseases with (abdominal) pain
- Abomasal diseases
Treatment?
Treatment
- Goal: to prolong patient’s life
- Surgery (reticular or liver abscess)
- (Antibiotics)
- Artificial nutrition
- Permanent rumen fistula
- (slaughter)
Prognosis?
Prognosis
• Doubtful, unfavourable!
