Winners and losers in a globalising world Flashcards
why have millions migrated form rural areas?
to areas with higher-productivity secondary industry employment in urban areas
what has happened to the number of people earning less than $1.25 a day
the number has been declining since 1990
what was one of the UN millennium goals about the $1.25 a day
One of the goals was to halve the number of people living below $1.25 between 1990 and 2015
how many people in 1990 lived on less than $1.25 a day
1.9Bn
How many people lived on less than $1.25 in 2015
836 million people
How has the global economic shift reduced poverty?
poverty reduction associated with waged worked
what are the costs associated with rapid growth?
loss of productive farmland
unplanned settlements (Shanty towns/slums and favelas)
Who/what is union carbide?
An American chemical corporation wholly owned by Dow chemical company
why did union carbide move to India?
Lower waged workers, less environmental standards, less needed for health and safety
what did union carbide change its name to when it moved to India?
Union Carbide India Limited
where did union carbide set up their factory?
Bhopal
when did the Bhopal accident happened?
December 2nd 1984
what actually happened at the Bhopal disaster?
the pesticide plant released at least 30 tons of a highly toxic gas
what was the name of the toxic chemical released in Bhopal?
Methyl isocyanate or MIC
who first detected the leak in Bhopal?
the workers when their eyes began to tear and burn
why is it odd that the workers first detected the leak? Bhopal
Shows their was no detection technology to find the leak, also shows that the workers weren’t wearing protective equipment i.e. goggles
how long did it take for the supervisors to acknowledge the leak? (Bhopal)
2 hours after 40 tons of MIC had escaped into the atmosphere
How many primary deaths happened because the Bhopal disaster?
3,800 that night of the leak
how many secondary deaths did the Bhopal disaster have?
11,000 further deaths
what are the problems associated with Bhopal in the present day?
toxic material remains
those exposed give birth to mentally and physically disabled children
how have the locals been fighting back? (Bhopal)
the locals want the the site cleared but efforts have slowed when union carbide was taken over in 2001
how did the pipes cause the bhopal disaster?
leaky pipes were not replaced
what was the skill level of workers? (Bhopal)
low waged low skilled workers
what was the problem with the safety manuals?
forced to use English even though few could speak it manuals
what happened to workers who refused to deviate from proper safety regulations? (Bhopal)
70% of plants workers fined before the disaster lowering moral
was health and safety training required in the factory? (Bhopal)
laws meant H&S wasn’t needed
what happened if workers notified or joined a union?
workers were ignored and sacked
What happened to promotions in the factory? (Bhopal)
Halted affecting morale driving skilled workers elsewhere meaning mostly low skilled workers left
what is the name of the most polluted city in the world?
Linfen china equivalent of smoking 50 cigarettes a day
why is linfens air quality so low
as coal mining operates in the area and heavy trucks full of coal spend hours on congested roads pumping out gases
Does china have environmental protection laws?
Have very strict laws and environmental protection agency
why does environmental degradation take place in china if laws are in place?
the consequence are insubstantial
what is the cost of polluting a water source in china?
Aus $1200
how is enforcement hindered in china?
corruption and companies informed of inspection and paint a better picture
what % of groundwater is polluted in china?
60% is poor or extremely poor quality
what % of forests are facing pressure by urbanisation?
36%
what area in the south china sea is the most polluted marine areas?
the Yellow Sea
what area of and turns to desert each year in china
67km*2
what was the fine particulate level over Beijing in 2013?
993ug/m*3
what was the WHO’s standard for air quality?
no more than 25ug/m*3
