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Geography > Winners and losers in a globalising world > Flashcards

Winners and losers in a globalising world Flashcards

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1
Q

why have millions migrated form rural areas?

A

to areas with higher-productivity secondary industry employment in urban areas

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2
Q

what has happened to the number of people earning less than $1.25 a day

A

the number has been declining since 1990

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3
Q

what was one of the UN millennium goals about the $1.25 a day

A

One of the goals was to halve the number of people living below $1.25 between 1990 and 2015

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4
Q

how many people in 1990 lived on less than $1.25 a day

A

1.9Bn

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5
Q

How many people lived on less than $1.25 in 2015

A

836 million people

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6
Q

How has the global economic shift reduced poverty?

A

poverty reduction associated with waged worked

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7
Q

what are the costs associated with rapid growth?

A

loss of productive farmland
unplanned settlements (Shanty towns/slums and favelas)

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8
Q

Who/what is union carbide?

A

An American chemical corporation wholly owned by Dow chemical company

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9
Q

why did union carbide move to India?

A

Lower waged workers, less environmental standards, less needed for health and safety

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10
Q

what did union carbide change its name to when it moved to India?

A

Union Carbide India Limited

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11
Q

where did union carbide set up their factory?

A

Bhopal

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12
Q

when did the Bhopal accident happened?

A

December 2nd 1984

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13
Q

what actually happened at the Bhopal disaster?

A

the pesticide plant released at least 30 tons of a highly toxic gas

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14
Q

what was the name of the toxic chemical released in Bhopal?

A

Methyl isocyanate or MIC

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15
Q

who first detected the leak in Bhopal?

A

the workers when their eyes began to tear and burn

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16
Q

why is it odd that the workers first detected the leak? Bhopal

A

Shows their was no detection technology to find the leak, also shows that the workers weren’t wearing protective equipment i.e. goggles

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17
Q

how long did it take for the supervisors to acknowledge the leak? (Bhopal)

A

2 hours after 40 tons of MIC had escaped into the atmosphere

18
Q

How many primary deaths happened because the Bhopal disaster?

A

3,800 that night of the leak

19
Q

how many secondary deaths did the Bhopal disaster have?

A

11,000 further deaths

20
Q

what are the problems associated with Bhopal in the present day?

A

toxic material remains
those exposed give birth to mentally and physically disabled children

21
Q

how have the locals been fighting back? (Bhopal)

A

the locals want the the site cleared but efforts have slowed when union carbide was taken over in 2001

22
Q

how did the pipes cause the bhopal disaster?

A

leaky pipes were not replaced

23
Q

what was the skill level of workers? (Bhopal)

A

low waged low skilled workers

24
Q

what was the problem with the safety manuals?

A

forced to use English even though few could speak it manuals

25
Q

what happened to workers who refused to deviate from proper safety regulations? (Bhopal)

A

70% of plants workers fined before the disaster lowering moral

26
Q

was health and safety training required in the factory? (Bhopal)

A

laws meant H&S wasn’t needed

27
Q

what happened if workers notified or joined a union?

A

workers were ignored and sacked

28
Q

What happened to promotions in the factory? (Bhopal)

A

Halted affecting morale driving skilled workers elsewhere meaning mostly low skilled workers left

29
Q

what is the name of the most polluted city in the world?

A

Linfen china equivalent of smoking 50 cigarettes a day

30
Q

why is linfens air quality so low

A

as coal mining operates in the area and heavy trucks full of coal spend hours on congested roads pumping out gases

31
Q

Does china have environmental protection laws?

A

Have very strict laws and environmental protection agency

32
Q

why does environmental degradation take place in china if laws are in place?

A

the consequence are insubstantial

33
Q

what is the cost of polluting a water source in china?

A

Aus $1200

34
Q

how is enforcement hindered in china?

A

corruption and companies informed of inspection and paint a better picture

35
Q

what % of groundwater is polluted in china?

A

60% is poor or extremely poor quality

36
Q

what % of forests are facing pressure by urbanisation?

A

36%

37
Q

what area in the south china sea is the most polluted marine areas?

A

the Yellow Sea

38
Q

what area of and turns to desert each year in china

A

67km*2

39
Q

what was the fine particulate level over Beijing in 2013?

A

993ug/m*3

40
Q

what was the WHO’s standard for air quality?

A

no more than 25ug/m*3

Geography (103 decks)

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