Developing Nations Flashcards

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1
Q

What has the rising wealth of the middle class lead to? (Superpowers)

A

Boom in the use of rare earth minerals/ metals

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2
Q

How much has the use of iron and copper ore increased in the past several years?

A

52.9%

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3
Q

Where are emerging powers extracting increasing amounts of raw materials?

A

Amazon
India
Africa

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4
Q

Why are emerging powers extracting raw materials from other countries?

A

As it is a dirty process that they don’t want polluting their country
Cheaper
No health regulations

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5
Q

How has the push to mine rare earth minerals affected Africa?

A

70% of the worlds largest mining deals were in Africa

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6
Q

What has china become the biggest exporter of?

A

FDI

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7
Q

What kept other countries from investing in Africa?

A

Poor infrastructure
Political tensions
Lack of education

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8
Q

Why was their a international vote about china in 1971?

A

2 arguing parties
People republic of china (main land china)
Republic of china (Taiwan) -US supported

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9
Q

How did Africa vote in the 1971 china vote?

A

Voted with US who were the main power at the time

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10
Q

How did Africa vote in the 2007 vote against North Korea breaching human rights?

A

43 African nations abstained or Voted with China

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11
Q

Why is Africas change of vote significant?

A

As they have changed political ties

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12
Q

Why did China invest in Africa?

A

To make it become Chinas china and allow for more capital growth

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13
Q

How much has annual FDI from china to Africa increased to?

A

US$3billion by 2015

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14
Q

How much economic and development aid does China provide to Africa?

A

US$2-3 billion each year

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15
Q

How many km or roads and railway have China built in Africa?

A

2250km of rail
3350km or road

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16
Q

How is China reliant of Africa?

A

Relies on African oil (Angola, Nigeria and Sudan)
Minerals (Zambian copper)
Sugar and biofuels

17
Q

How is Africa reliant on China?

A

Increasingly imports Chinese-manufactured goods and relies on Chinese investment in infrastructure like roads, rail and ports

18
Q

How has Chinese timber imports from Africa environmentally damaging?

A

Linked to widespread illegal deforestation in Mozambique

19
Q

How are oil spills in Africa linked to China?

A

Oil spill related to Chinese funded oil wells have been reported in Chad, Sudan and Angola

20
Q

How is Coltan extraction damaging in Africa?

A

widespread forest loss and river pollution

21
Q

Why is Coltan vital for china?

A

Chinas mobile phone and computer manufacturers

22
Q

Where is Coltan found in Africa?

A

Democratic republic of Congo

23
Q

Where have environmental issues occurred in Africa that aren’t related to china?

A

Shell and other western TNC’s polluting the Niger delta
Desertification of Sahel

24
Q

How would some argue china has been using Neo-colonial power in Africa?

A

Infrastructure investment ensure China can export raw materials as cheaply and efficiently as possible
Skilled and technical jobs often filled by Chinese migrant workers (200,000 in 2014)

25
Q

How would some argue Chins investment in Africa is a development opportunity?

A

China invested heavily in roads,rail and ports to export raw materials infrastructure can then also be used by Africans themselves
Vital jobs are created especially by large industrial, transport and energy projects which also modernise the economy

26
Q

What in the main environmental concern of China moving to Africa?

A

Concerns China will hide its domestic industrial pollution by relocating most polluting facilities such as steel to Africa

27
Q

Is there any enforcement of environmental laws in Africa?

A

No environmental protection agency
Environmental laws are very poor

28
Q

Why have environmental initiatives suffered in Africa?

A

Result of sole policy enactment, inadequate environmental legislation, poor legal enforcement and insufficient funds to implement laws

29
Q

Why is Coltan so important?

A

As when refined Coltan becomes a heat resistant powder that can hold a high electrical charge (vital to stop phones overheating)

30
Q

Why does China want to control Coltan mining in Africa?

A

Makes its phones cheaper as there is no middle man who needs to be paid for raw materials