Global Organistaions

Question 1

When did IGOs start to become increasingly important?

Answer 1

Since WW2

Question 2

How many nations were in the UN when it was set up?

Answer 2

51

Question 3

How many nations are part of the UN today?

Answer 3

193

Question 4

What is the main aim of the UN Security Council?

Answer 4

Tasked with maintaining global peace and prevent ‘generations from the scourge of war’

Question 5

What is the UN general assembly?

Answer 5

This is where countries meet for debates and to vote on action to be taken with each nation getting one vote

Question 6

How can only having one vote in the UN general assembly be bypassed?

Answer 6

Political influence like China investing in Africa meaning countries will vote with them

Question 7

What is the aim of the UN?

Answer 7

Achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character

Question 8

What was set up by the EU in 2015 to help cooperation of international problems?

Answer 8

Millennium development goals later named the 2030 agenda for sustainable development

Question 9

How many development goals were there?

Answer 9

21

Question 10

What did the UN do to encourage countries to go to a meeting about climate change?

Answer 10

created an advert

Question 11

What was once said about WHO, FAO and WFP?

Answer 11

They had made the best contributions to social progress and a better standard of life ad larger freedom

Question 12

Why is the UN most likely to have an effect on climate change?

Answer 12

Climate change is a global issue that requires global action the UN is the largest IGO so have the greatest chance of many countries working together

Question 13

What does the UN do in regards to climate change?

Answer 13

Releases regular reports on climate change and our progress in tackling it via the IPCC and also have regular talks on how to better progress

Question 14

How is many countries being part the UN a problem?

Answer 14

A big group of contradicting states with various political issues so they tend to vote in contradicting ways

Question 15

What clause in the UN means it can be ineffective?

Answer 15

The veto power of the 5 permanent members

Question 16

Why is the UNs goal collective security a criticism?

Answer 16

Its harder to put into practice then in theory

Question 17

What is an example of collective security being ineffective in practice?

Answer 17

During the Cold War the UN Security Council passed a total of 193 vetos as a result of the mistrust between the US and USSR

Question 18

What are some examples of the UN being unable to prevent invasions?

Answer 18

US invasion of Vietnam
USSR invasion of Afghanistan
Hungary and Czechoslovakia

Question 19

What is the criticism conclusion of the UN?

Answer 19

The UN is ineffective at preventing conflict and that there is no supranational authority that wields overwhelming power

Question 20

What are the socio-economic factors for people from UNICEF? (Splino)

Answer 20

UNICEF reaches 350,000 children with cash assistance through “splino” programmes ($125 million)

Question 21

What does UNICEF stand for?

Answer 21

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

Question 22

What are the socio-economic factors for people provided by WHO? (MDG)

Answer 22

Millennium development goals

Question 23

What does WHO stand for?

Answer 23

World Health Organisation

Question 24

What are the socio-economic factors for people from the UN population fund ? (social justice)

Answer 24

Advancing equity and social justice for people of African decent through Montevideo concensus

Question 25

What are the socio-cultural factors for people from UNICEF? Protective practices)

Answer 25

Work to change the environments in which they act making it easier for individuals to accept protective practices for children

Question 26

What are the socio-cultural factors for people from WHO? (inclusive)

Answer 26

Considering cultural factors of places to develop more inclusive health systems

Question 27

What are the socio-cultural factors for people from UN population fund? (culturally sensitive)

Answer 27

Set out to work in a more culturally sensitive way to achieve better more sustainable results, listen carefully and invest time understanding how people think, what they believe and how they behave

Question 28

What are the socio-political factors for people from UNICEF? (Protection programmes)

Answer 28

Social protection programmes- cash transfer, health insurance, and education subsidies gives

Question 29

What is the benefit from the UNICEF social protection programmes?

Answer 29

Improved access to good nutrition, healthcare, and education

Question 30

What are the socio-political factors for people from WHO? (cities)

Answer 30

Calls on countries to build resilient and healthy cities

Question 31

What are the socio-political factors for people from UN population fund? (Ethiopia)

Answer 31

Work providing aid in politically unstable regions (Ethiopia women and girls disproportionately affected by conflict and climate shocks)

Question 32

How do UNICEF aim to improve the environment? (activists)

Answer 32

Give voice to young climate activists Programs for survival, health, wellbeing Local biodiversity and nature based solutions

Question 33

What do UNICEF want to protect children from? (Pollution)

Answer 33

Toxic metals Chemicals Air pollution

Question 34

How do WHO aim to improve the environment? (building capacity)

Answer 34

Building capacity for emergency preparedness and response in case of environment related incidents and provide related guidance on environmental heath services and occupational health and safety

Question 35

How do UN population fund aim to improve the environment? (local action)

Answer 35

believe local action is essential to drive global progress towards a climate friendly sustainable future

Question 36

What does IBDR stand for?

Answer 36

International bank for reconstruction and development

Question 37

What is the general purpose of the IBDR?

Answer 37

Loan money to countries to rebuild their economies or relieve poverty

Question 38

What did IBDR change to be?

Answer 38

World bank

Question 39

What is the aim of IBDR/ world bank today?

Answer 39

Focus on countries where the people live on less then $1.25 a day by encouraging income growth

Question 40

What is it called when someone earns less then $1.25 per day?

Answer 40

Absolute poverty

Question 41

How is the world bank encouraging economic growth?

Answer 41

By working with governments of those impoverished countries to deliver projects thats are designed to grow economies

Question 42

What is an example of a country where world bank loans were successful?

Answer 42

Botswana

Question 43

How were loans successful in Botswana?

Answer 43

HIV was rife and meant life expectancy was 31 years Loan money used to increase education and health services Now life expectancy 66

Question 44

Why was the population having HIV a problem for Botswana?

Answer 44

Low life expectancy meant government paid for education but when population got to working age they were too ill to work so didn’t pay tax (reinvest)

Question 45

What is one of the criticisms of world bank and IMF?

Answer 45

Political power imbalances in their governance structure where voting is based principally on size of a countries economy

Question 46

Why are poor countries affected by the voting structure of world bank and IMF?

Answer 46

They are often those receiving the loans but are under-represented in the decision making process

Question 47

What is the issue of political power imbalance exacerbated by in IGOs?

Answer 47

Undermine sovereignty of borrowing nations

Question 48

Why do loans from IMF and World bank undermine sovereignty?

Answer 48

Limits the ability of the country to make their own policy decisions causing erosion of national development strategies

Question 49

What are the conditions part of IMF and world bank loans called?

Answer 49

SAPs- structural adjustment policies

Question 50

What have SAPs been argued to decrease?

Answer 50

the quality of life of the borrowing nation due to removal of subsidies or debt increases

Question 51

How are loans and reduced subsidies linked?

Answer 51

Countries can’t often afford to pay loan repayments and subsidies and loan repayments have to occur so there is budget cuts in government owned sectors

Question 52

What is Jamaicas debt like?

Answer 52

One of the most indebted countries

Question 53

How much more does Jamaica spend on debt repayments compared to health and education?

Answer 53

2 times as much

Question 54

What is the likelihood with Jamaica and the millennium development goals?

Answer 54

Likely to miss several

Question 55

What was the size of the loan for Jamaica to help meet huge debt payments?

Answer 55

$1bn

Question 56

What was the policy linked to the Jamaica $1bn loan?

Answer 56

Accompanied by 4 years of austerity Pay freeze amounting to 20% real terms cut in wages

Question 57

What are austerity measures?

Answer 57

Cuts to public services

Question 58

For how long has Jamaica been taking out loans?

Answer 58

Since the 1980’s

Question 59

How has life been affected in Jamaica by continued loans?

Answer 59

Progressively worse due to constant SAPs

Question 60

What agreement was signed in 1947?

Answer 60

GATT- global agreement on trade and tariff

Question 61

Who was GATT later taken over by?

Answer 61

WTO- World trade organisation

Question 62

What is the main aim of the WTO?

Answer 62

Liberalise trade (make global trade easier)

Question 63

What have studies shown about the WTO?

Answer 63

It has boosted trade and reduced trade barriers increasing the amount of trade agreements between countries

Question 64

How much of global products brought and sold are covered by the WTO?

Answer 64

90%

Question 65

What terms out set out the by the WTO about trade?

Answer 65

They say that for member nations to increase trade they should treat products from other members equally to their own

Question 66

What are the only trade restrictions allowed by the WTO?

Answer 66

When a country wants to protect industry within a state or protect the environment

Question 67

Why do some argue that the WTO does not manage the global economy fairly?

Answer 67

Say that their is a bias toward rich countries and TNCs harming smaller countries that have less negotiating power

Question 68

What are some examples of WTO bias?

Answer 68

Rich countries able to maintain high import aunties and quotas in certain products while blocking imports from developing countries (bra wars) High protection of agriculture in developed countries while developing pressed to open their markets