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Geography > Migration theories > Flashcards

Migration theories Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of motives for migration?

A

Economic motives
Family motives
Educational motives (University)
Lifestyle (retirement migration)
Environmental motives (climate change, volcanoes)
Conflict/war

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2
Q

What is a neoclassical economy?

A

Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model

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3
Q

What are the neoclassical economic theories?

A

Migration decisions based on cost benefit analysis by individual people who make a rational choice
Migration is self-correcting, creating new equilibrium where migration no longer occurs because wage rates equalise

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4
Q

What are push factors? (not examples)

A

operate form a place of origin
Encourages a migrant to leave

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5
Q

What are some examples of push factors?

A

Poverty
Unemployment
Political repression

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6
Q

What are pull factors? (not examples)

A

Operate from place of destination
Anything that encourages a migrant to move to a place

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7
Q

What are some examples of pull factors?

A

Bright light syndrome
Better income
Better jobs
Political freedom
Educational opportunities

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8
Q

What does NELM stand for?

A

New economies of labour migration

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9
Q

What is an example of NELM?

A

Migration decisions are made collective by the household not the individual
Rational decision making

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10
Q

How does rational decision making form part of NELM?

A

not just about income maximisation but also income diversification to reduce risk and increase community resilience

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11
Q

What is resilience?

A

ability of people, a community, a place, or a system to withstand, absorb or overcome a disturbance so impacts are minimised

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12
Q

What risks are faced by people in developing countries that makes the migration of some family members a sensible precaution?

A

Crop failure due to drought or hurricane or sudden unemployment

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13
Q

What is dependency school?

A

dual labour market theory (Piore, 1979)

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14
Q

What is a primary labour market?

A

secure, high skill, high wage jobs
Corporate management, legal services, financial services

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15
Q

What is a secondary labour market?

A

Insecure, low-skill, low-wage and unpleasant jobs
Factory work and low level service sector jobs

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16
Q

Who mainly works in primary labour markets?

A

Indigenous workers

17
Q

What are some examples of secondary labour markets?

A

Restaurants and hotels work, cleaning offices & houses, taking care of children and elderly

18
Q

Who mainly fills the secondary labour market?

A

“underclass” of migrant workers

19
Q

What does the presence of migrants workers in the secondary labour market lead to?

A

Jobs become stereotyped, reinforcing the undesirability of the jobs for local labour force

20
Q

Why do foreign workers accept poor conditions and low pay?

A

Lack bargaining power- especially is they are irregular migrants
Better then poverty and unemployment in home country

21
Q

What is the importance of dependency school and dual labour markets for core regions?

A

Immigration and exploitation of low waged workers from peripheral regions
Essential for continued growth and development of world cities in core regions

22
Q

What does migration maintain between peripheral and core regions?

A

Inequality

23
Q

How does social media encourage migration?

A

Allows migrants to see the life of those in core regions
Reduces the effect of barriers to movement (leaving family)

24
Q

What are migration networks?

A

sets of interpersonal tries that connect migrants, non-migrants and former migrants in webs of kinship, friendship and shared origin

25
Q

Where do migration social networks form?

A

Transnational communities

26
Q

What do social networks encourage? (migration)

A

movement to certain locations because they provide information which lowers the cost and risks of migration

27
Q

What information do migrants networks provide potential migrants?

A

how to overcome intervening obstacles (leaving family)
potential destination

28
Q

What ways can contacts from migrant networks help potential migrants?

A

finding accommodation
Finding a job
Financial assistance

29
Q

Who created the modernisation school/ mobility transition model?

A

Wilbur Zelinsky 1971

30
Q

How many stages are there on the mobility transition model?

A

5

31
Q

What are the stages of the mobility transition model?

A

stage1- pre-modern
stage 2- Early traditional society
stage 3- Late transition
stage 4- Advanced society
stage 5- Future super-advanced society

32
Q

What is the pre-modern stage of the mobility transition model?

A

Ancient society, slow growth movement to cities

33
Q

What is the early transition stage of the mobility transition model?

A

Massive movement to cities

34
Q

What is the late transition stage of the mobility transition model?

A

Massive but slackened movement to cities

35
Q

What is the Advanced society stage of the mobility transition model?

A

cities have grown and more have appeared
Movement to cities levelling off

36
Q

What is the Future super-advanced society stage of the mobility transition model?

A

Countryside mostly gone movement inter-city now

37
Q

What are the criticisms of modernisation school ideas?

A

Based on historical experience of Europe
Assumes: modern= good/desirable, Traditional= bad/ undesirable

38
Q

What is Lees migration model?

A

model that accounts for push/pull factors and intervening obstacles in order to predict migration patterns.

39
Q

What is the idea with the Lees model and migration?

A

It advocates the idea that intervening obstacles can block migration to certain areas, while push and pull factors can promote migration out of an old area to a new one

Geography (103 decks)

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