Measuring Inequality

Question 1

Why are quality of life or standard of living not comparable?

Answer 1

They are not easy to measure

Question 2

What can you measure instead of QOL?

Answer 2

Standardised and comparable measures of economic activity

Question 3

What is GDP per capita?

Answer 3

Measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country over one year per person

Question 4

what is the problem with single or composite indicators?

Answer 4

they can hide variations within a given population

Question 5

what is an example of how single/ composite indicators can hide variations?

Answer 5

total economic output of a country may be rising (increased GDP per capita)
however, if rewards of growth are distributed unequally then the indicators will underestimate both the wealth of the wealthiest and the poverty of the poorest.

Question 6

what else has to be considered for quality of life besides economic activity?

Answer 6

social and environmental factors must be considered

Question 7

what is an example of a way in which quality of life in measured?

Answer 7

The UN’s Human Development Index

Question 8

What does the UN’s Human development index measure?

Answer 8

average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development
long and healthy life
knowledge
decent standard of living

Question 9

what type of indicator is the human development index?

Answer 9

a composite indicator

Question 10

why is the human development index a composite indicator?

Answer 10

it measures more than one characteristic of country’s standard of living

Question 11

what is the data range for the human development index?

Answer 11

numerical average between 0 and 1

Question 12

what are some examples of countries on the Human development index?

Answer 12

Norway- 0.944
Niger- 0.337
was in 2015 so might be slightly dated

Question 13

What is HDI?

Answer 13

Human development index

Question 14

what other factors of QOL are there that aren’t easily measured?

Answer 14

Freedom of speech
impact of conflict or corruption
equality of opportunity (gender or racial discrimination)
individual perception (aspirations, future hopes)
Quality of environment
social, economic and environmental sustainability
religion and respect for tradition

Question 15

why do traditional economic and social indicators of development omit factors such as freedom of speech?

Answer 15

that are hard to measure/ quantify

Question 16

what did the UN place in the July 2011 development agenda?

Answer 16

happiness

Question 17

what is the happiness index?

Answer 17

measures sustainable development, preservation and promotion of cultural values, conservation of the natural environment and the establishment of good governance.

Question 18

what country is ranked number one on the happiness scale?

Answer 18

Finland

Question 19

what is the gender inequality index? (GII)

Answer 19

measures gender disparity: it is a composite measure which captures the loss of achievement within a country due to gender inequality.

Question 20

What are the three dimensions of the Gender inequality index?

Answer 20

reproductive health
empowerment
labour market participation

Question 21

what is reproductive health?

Answer 21

measures maternal morality and adolescent fertility rates

Question 22

What do the UN consider to be a sign of women’s status in society?

Answer 22

Women’s’ health during pregnancy and childbearing

Question 23

What are high rates of adolescent pregnancy considered to reflect?

Answer 23

low educational opportunities and poor life choices

Question 24

what is empowerment?

Answer 24

measures female membership of parliament and participation in higher education

Question 25

what is labour market participation?

Answer 25

accounts for paid work, unpaid work, and actively looking for work and is considered to measure economic aspects of gender inequality

Question 26

what where the highest and lowest on the gender inequality index?

Answer 26

in 2014 Slovenia ranked highest (lowest in inequality) Niger and Yemen had the greatest levels of inequality

Question 27

what is the Lorenz curve used for?

Answer 27

it is used to graphically represent the distribution of income

Question 28

what is plotted on the X and Y-axis of a Lorenz graph?

Answer 28

percentage of households on the X-axis percentage of income on the Y-axis

Question 29

what does the curve on a Lorenz graph represent?

Answer 29

income distribution

Question 30

what does the line of equality show on a Lorenz graph?

Answer 30

what an equal distribution of wealth would look like while the curve shows actual distribution

Question 31

what is the Gini coefficient?

Answer 31

a number between 0 and 1 that measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of income or wealth

Question 32

what does 0 mean on the Gini Coefficient mean?

Answer 32

0 would be for a society in which each member received exactly the same amount

Question 33

what would 1 mean on the Gini Coefficient?

Answer 33

this would mean that one member got everything and the rest of the population got nothing

Question 34

How do you find the Gini coefficient from a Lorenz curve?

Answer 34

the ratio of the areas on the Lorenz diagram A= area between the line of equality and Lorenz curve B= area below the Lorenz curve

Question 35

what is the equation for the Gini index?

Answer 35

A/(A+B)

Question 36

What does a higher Gini coefficient mean?

Answer 36

the higher the coefficient the more unequal the distribution will be

Question 37

What does egalitarian mean?

Answer 37

the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Question 38

what do the USA and China put an emphasis on for equality?

Answer 38

put more emphasis on equality of opportunity

Question 39

What is equality of opportunity?

Answer 39

provided people can move up the social ladder they believe that a society with wide income gaps can still be fair.

Question 40

How have south Korea been a winner of globalisation?

Answer 40

1962-GDP was $1704 1990 - $12087 2014- 33,629 189% above the world average went from agrarian to globalised economic leader

Question 41

what is the majority of south Koreas economy reliant on?

Answer 41

Trade- especially the exports of ships, cars, integrated circuit semi-conductors, flat screens and mobile phones

Question 42

how have exports from Korea been impacted?

Answer 42

the Asian financial crisis (1997/8) global recession (2008)

Question 43

How did south Korea recover from the recessions?

Answer 43

due to strong global links

Question 44

what percentage of south Koreas GDP is trade (1962 and 2010)?

Answer 44

1962- 24.4% 2010- 54.8%

Question 45

what happened in south Korea from 1994-2004?

Answer 45

moved from a 'middle income country' to an 'advanced income country'

Question 46

who aided south Korea in becoming an advanced country?

Answer 46

The USA Japan the EU China

Question 47

how has the environment been degraded due to globalisation?

Answer 47

biodiversity loss loss of mangrove for aquaculture cattle-ranching air pollution deforestation cash-cropping water pollution habitat destruction groundwater depletion, increasing drought

Question 48

what divide is present in china?

Answer 48

east-west divide

Question 49

where does mega city wealth come form in china? (Cities)

Answer 49

Beijing shanghai Guangzhou

Question 50

What is wealth like in the west of china?

Answer 50

rural areas to the west have much lower incomes than urban dwellers in the east

Question 51

where does most FDI end up in china?

Answer 51

in the large urban areas of the east where the TNC's are located little investment reaches rural areas

Question 52

where are most cities and industrial zones in china?

Answer 52

mostly/ all along the eastern coastline

Question 53

where is white horse village located?

Answer 53

central/northeast china

Question 54

what practice mainly occurs in Whitehorse village?

Answer 54

Agrarian practices

Question 55

what is the saying in Whitehorse village?

Answer 55

face to the ground back to the sky

Question 56

what was the problems faced with trying to urbanise Whitehorse village?

Answer 56

many locals do not want to leave their homes access was limited only to river but now motorways are being constructed to go over/ through the mountains

Question 57

what business sector is set to become very profitable in Whitehorse village?

Answer 57

the real estate market

Question 58

Why do the people oh white horse village feel cheated by the communist party?

Answer 58

The new homes, shop fronts and jobs they were promised have not materialised

Question 59

Do the people of white horse village have a say in the development?

Answer 59

In the early stages yes but now as the political leaders realise they wont get their way residents are being forcibly evicted and not being given any home to go to

Question 60

What are the issues with the urbanised buildings in the white horse village valley?

Answer 60

Filling up with administrative buildings and real estate but not a single apartment block to rehouse the villagers nor a piece of land for them to build on themselves

Question 61

Why is the political problem with white horse village and employment?

Answer 61

The government don’t want to give city jobs to hundreds of millions of farmers but doesn’t want local governments wasting farmland or bullying farmers

Question 62

How much land is being defrosted in Indonesia?

Answer 62

1 million hectares (2.4million acres) is cleared each year

Question 63

Why is it a problem that so much forest s being cleared in Indonesia? (Income and climate change)

Answer 63

30% of the exposed soil is is carbon-rich peat land with erosion and techniques like slash and burn this could lead to a massive release of carbon into the atmosphere driving the enhanced greenhouse effect Many Indonesian people rely on the forest for income and food without it there way of life is lost

Question 64

How is globalisation driving the deforestation in Indonesia?

Answer 64

The demand for pulp, paper, plywood and palm oil have skyrocketed these are products that are commodities and used in many western products meaning the clearing of forest is driven by western consumerism

Question 65

How many Indonesians are dependant on ecosystem services?

Answer 65

99 million which is 21& of GDP

Question 66

Who is Suharto?

Answer 66

Was the political leader of Indonesia

Question 67

What did Suharto do?

Answer 67

Eliminated credit ceilings Deregulation of credit interest Private banks Privatisation Open door policy that allowed exploitation and TNCs to begin in Indonesia