How Successful Is Regeneration Flashcards
How can regen be successful economically
Higher gdp per capita
Higher average income
Increased Number of businesses in an area
Low poverty rates
High employment
How might regen be seen as socially successful? (People)
Reduced in inequality
Reduced deprivation
Demographic changes
More people staying in education with many going to further education
Increased life expectancy
How might regen be measured as environmentally successful
Reduced levels of pollution (noise and air)
Reduction in browfield land/ derelict and abandoned land
Increased green space
What did regeneration of the Plymouth dockland do? (Jobs)
Provided 1200 new jobs
How many foreign manufacturing comcan be found in plymouth
25
How many jobs are provided by tourism in Plymouth
12,000
How many people are employed by call centres in Plymouth
4000 fast growing
What was plymouth before regeneration
Was a naval town that produced ships
What is the average trend for employment in plymouth
Most secotors (Full, part time) are reduing as well as the unemployed
Only sector improving is self employed
How has cultural regen occurred in plymouth
MTV music events
Guildhall hosts community events
What is the average house price in plymouth
£165,000
What has happened to education in plymouth? (Specific examples not trend)
27,000 uni students
£20 million wave tank
What were some aims of the stratford regeneration scheme
500 acres was polluted brown field sites cleaned and used to create europes largest urban park
Environment- lea valley polluted waters cleaned and new wildlife habitats created
Jobs- 12,000 permenant jobs in olympic park along with many temporary jobs
Accesibility- all facilities are accessible to all age or disability
Why was regeneration needed in Stratford
All areas of stratford and new town were below the London and national average
For example, people with long term illnesses and owner occupation of homes.
How was london negatively impacted by the regeneration
The cost to the wider community- costs £9.3.bn received through tax funding
Causes that were ususally lottery funded recived reduced funds due to olympic funding
26% of local businesses said the games wouldnt be beneficial for business
9% disagree with re-location saying they will lose their business due to costs
What change occurred to violent crime Newham after Stratford regeneration
Violent crime rate reduced from 6.1/1000 in 2009 to 3.1/1000 in 2015
What shopping centre was created by the london regeneration
Westfield shopping centre
What does westfield offer
250 shops
70 places to dine
When did Westfield open? (shopping centre)
2011 1yr before the games
What is the egan wheel
A garh that shows what makes a sustainable community
What makes a community sustainable based on the egan wheel
Active,inclusive and safe
Well run
Environmentally friendly
Well connected
who designed the egan wheel
the government think tank
what is the purpose of the Egan wheel
looks into future communities
used to compare places against each other
how is the information for the Egan wheel collected
part of a questionnaire
extended interview
focus groups
what are some economic ways of measuring the success of regeneration
is there more prosperity and disposable income
How can the success of regeneration be considered using demographic
is there stability
is there net in or out-immigration
improved safety
increased life expectancy
is there a reduced dependency ratio
how can regenerations social success be measured? (Place related)
Is there better safety
are most if not all areas accessible
has peoples image of the place changed (better or worse)
How can the environment of an area be used to see if regeneration was successful
has there been indoor and outdoor improvements
is there less overcrowding
Is there better access to open space facilities (parks)
how many projects did the millennium commission help create
225 projects
how much lottery funding was there for the millennium projects?
£1.3 billion
what millennium projects were successful
Eden project
O2 arena
Tate modern
what was the point of the millennium project
high-risk , imaginative and futuristic ideas
how many projects were unsuccessful? (millennium project)
3 which actually ended up closing
what is the core focus of the Eden project
educational charity that is also a tourist attraction
promote public education and research in flora and fauna
where was the Eden project constructed
160 year old exhausted china clay quarry at Boldelva in Cornwall
what did the Cornwall visitors survey 20004-05 show
the Eden project is the most popular tourist attraction in corwall
1 million visitors in 2004
12.8 million since it opened
what are the positives of the Eden project? (Examples)
contributed £1 billion to Cornish economy
employs 700 and supports 3000 local tourism jobs
2500 local suppliers for its catering supplies
what are the negatives of the Eden project
tensions between local and tourists
increased traffic congestion (many roads are single carriage)
locals see tourists as damaging by littering/ spoil natural beauty
some jobs are only temporary due to seasonal work (combat this by promotions in the winter time)
what was the Earth centre in Doncaster before construction
rural ex-colliery
what was the Doncaster ex Collier turned into to?
environmental tourist centre costing £55million
what was the problem with the earth centre
failed to attract enough of a target audience and closed in 2004
what was the earth centre turned into to
children’s outdoor adventure area
what might happen to the earth centres carpark? (Doncaster millennium project)
redeveloped into a housing scheme
where is Llanmadoc
Gower peninsula
south wales
what is Llanmadoc
remote rural village
dominated by second homes
what did the local residents do in Llanmadoc?
in 2007 bought £5000 of shares to open a community shop
who ran the community shop in llanmadoc
30 local volunteer staff
what happened to the Llanmadoc community shop
moved to a larger purpose built shop
grants were given by the welsh government and Swansea city council
why has the north Antrim coast becoming increasingly recognised
sporting success of Rory Mcllroy
filming of the Tv series game of thrones
what successful bottom-up strategies have taken place in Ireland
causeway specialist market (diamond shopping centre) once a fortnight holds a fare with local businesses for food and crafts
what are some rural diversification aims for the Antrim coast
£8.5 million to support rural businesses
what are some examples of new rural workspace on the Antrim coast
40 new enterprises as well as 40 micro-enterprises focused on social economy
What is the aim to improve tourism to the Antrim coast
activity based tourism
walking, cycling water based activities
what are some stakeholders on the North Antrim coast
the national trust
Moyle district council
local farmers
Translink
renewable energy companies
local hoteliers and restaurants
Why was the Stratford area chosen for the Olympic regeneration?
it was the second most deprived borough in London and had some of the lowest wages at £26,000 per capita per year compared to canary wharf which is £100,000.
How many people left Detroit per month?
1000
What was the demography of Handsworth in the past?
White, Christian
What started the time of change for Handsworth?
Michael Boulton built a factory in the region meaning it became a low skilled area
What allowed more ethnicities to move to Handsworth after the war?
The need for factories and for rebuilding predominantly filled by those from the west indies
What allowed/made many afro Caribbean people chosen to move to Handsworth?
Visa criteria relaxed
Work
Cheap housing
Why did additional migration from south Asia occur into Handsworth?
as migrants are often attracted to areas with increased diversity
What process occurred in Handsworth as diversity increased? (negative)
‘white flight’
What is white flight?
when the original white population flee as they no longer feel part of the community
What % of the Handsworth population are from ethnic minorities?
89%
What does low skilled work tend to attract?
Younger migrants with cultures that are usually more culturally accepting of higher birth rates
What % of the Handsworth population is under 24?
25%
How many colleges are in Hereford?
3
How many combined students does the Hereford colleges have?
6000-7000
What is the name of the university being built in Hereford?
NMITE – New Model Institute for Technology & Engineering (University of Hereford)
What is the aim Nmite?
to educate more then 5000 engineering students
What benefits will will the first cohort at NMITE have for the first year?
their academic fees and accommodation costs covered in full
What % of Hereford is white?
97.8%
What are the main migrants that move to Hereford?
Polish
Why do Polish migrants prefer areas like hereford?
As many come from traditional farming communities so it is there expertise area but now they get paid more than in Poland
How much will HS2 cost when complete?
£109 billion
What main factor will affect the tension of a regen project?
The size as a larger project will affect more people with differing opinions making it hard to please all
Which region of Hereford is more affluent north or south?
North
What % of Herefords population is over 65?
29%
What % of Handsworth population is under 18?
29%
What was the main reason for change on Hereford?
To attract young people/ keep them in the area
who was the main player in for the change in Hereford?
The local council
What is the reason for reduced affluence in south Hereford?
Roads to wales which is a lower income area
What are the main reasons for north Hereford being more affluent?
Old people - grey pound
Jobs
What river is Hereford based around and how was this important for development and purpose?
Around the river wye which creates fertile soil from the silt from floods and was also used for irrigation
Why is Hereford no longer recognised for wool?
Competition from the north (Lake District)
When was the farmers market closed and converted to a shopping centre in Hereford?
2014
Why do young people tend to leave Hereford?
As main sector is primary (agriculture) which is hard work, low paying and unattractive
What was constructed in 1948 in Hereford which lead to an influx of educated individuals?
a hospital
What is the grey pound?
The spending power of the over 50’s / the retired
How is the grey pound important for the UK?
3/4 of nations financial wealth (320bn annual household spending)
How can the disparity in affluence between north and south in Hereford be seen?
South income in £20,900 which in around 6k below national average
What % of people in handsworth are over 65?
9%
How deprived is handsworth compared to other wards?
12th most deprived out of the 69
How has the population changed overtime in handsworth?
1851-6000
1881-32000
1911- around 60,000
Present day- 12000
What are the causes for depopulation of Handsworth?
Deindustrialisation
Riots
Why might the proportion of women in Hereford be higher?
Safe
Women live longer then men which is significant for an older population
What are the life expectancies of people in Hereford?
Women-83
Men-79
When were there riots in handsworth?
1981, 85, 91
What is deprivation?
Where a group of people are considered to be lacking in an aspect involved in providing good standards of living or QOL
How was Stratford rated against other London boroughs for deprivation?
2nd most deprived.
What were some examples of the causes of deprivation in Stratford?
Overcrowded
Wages lower then London average
Knife crime
High high school dropout
What will the score of the most deprived area be on the IMD?
1
How many schools use the Olympic swimming pool from Stratford?
28
How much has swimming uptake/ proficiency increased in Stratford?
32%
Does increased swimming show that regeneration was successful in Stratford?
Partially but some schools might not use it/ be able to
might have some health improvement but asthma might still be bad due to poor air quality
What was the problem with schools in Stratford before regeneration?
Over subscribed
Poor grades
How many more schools places were available after the Stratford regeneration?
2000
How did grade achievement change in Stratford from before and after regen?
2009- 47% A*-C
Present- 62%
What could be another reason for increased education achievement besides better schools?
Gentrification- more affluent families might make kids prioritise education and be able to afford tutors
Why did 2 of the 3 new schools get outstanding from OFSTED?
More affluent kids have better diet and thus behaviour
What was the problem with selling of the Olympic buildings after the games? (Employment)
Loss of jobs as many were bought by high tech companies which didn’t suit skill of area
What is an example of social cleansing from Stratford regen?
450 houses destroyed increasing house price forcing local out and rich in those from council houses who couldn’t find new houses relocated as far as Manchester
How many jobs and business were lost due to Stratford regen?
9000 jobs
380 businesses
How might the demographic changes from the Stratford regen be measured?
Number of working age moving to area (Age)
Diversity- representative of the make up of the rest of London
How much longer will someone from the south of the UK live then the north?
7 years
