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Geography > How Successful Is Regeneration > Flashcards

How Successful Is Regeneration Flashcards

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1
Q

How can regen be successful economically

A

Higher gdp per capita
Higher average income
Increased Number of businesses in an area
Low poverty rates
High employment

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2
Q

How might regen be seen as socially successful? (People)

A

Reduced in inequality
Reduced deprivation
Demographic changes
More people staying in education with many going to further education
Increased life expectancy

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3
Q

How might regen be measured as environmentally successful

A

Reduced levels of pollution (noise and air)
Reduction in browfield land/ derelict and abandoned land
Increased green space

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4
Q

What did regeneration of the Plymouth dockland do? (Jobs)

A

Provided 1200 new jobs

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5
Q

How many foreign manufacturing comcan be found in plymouth

A

25

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6
Q

How many jobs are provided by tourism in Plymouth

A

12,000

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7
Q

How many people are employed by call centres in Plymouth

A

4000 fast growing

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8
Q

What was plymouth before regeneration

A

Was a naval town that produced ships

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9
Q

What is the average trend for employment in plymouth

A

Most secotors (Full, part time) are reduing as well as the unemployed
Only sector improving is self employed

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10
Q

How has cultural regen occurred in plymouth

A

MTV music events
Guildhall hosts community events

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11
Q

What is the average house price in plymouth

A

£165,000

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12
Q

What has happened to education in plymouth? (Specific examples not trend)

A

27,000 uni students
£20 million wave tank

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13
Q

What were some aims of the stratford regeneration scheme

A

500 acres was polluted brown field sites cleaned and used to create europes largest urban park
Environment- lea valley polluted waters cleaned and new wildlife habitats created
Jobs- 12,000 permenant jobs in olympic park along with many temporary jobs
Accesibility- all facilities are accessible to all age or disability

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14
Q

Why was regeneration needed in Stratford

A

All areas of stratford and new town were below the London and national average
For example, people with long term illnesses and owner occupation of homes.

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15
Q

How was london negatively impacted by the regeneration

A

The cost to the wider community- costs £9.3.bn received through tax funding
Causes that were ususally lottery funded recived reduced funds due to olympic funding
26% of local businesses said the games wouldnt be beneficial for business
9% disagree with re-location saying they will lose their business due to costs

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16
Q

What change occurred to violent crime Newham after Stratford regeneration

A

Violent crime rate reduced from 6.1/1000 in 2009 to 3.1/1000 in 2015

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17
Q

What shopping centre was created by the london regeneration

A

Westfield shopping centre

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18
Q

What does westfield offer

A

250 shops
70 places to dine

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19
Q

When did Westfield open? (shopping centre)

A

2011 1yr before the games

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20
Q

What is the egan wheel

A

A garh that shows what makes a sustainable community

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21
Q

What makes a community sustainable based on the egan wheel

A

Active,inclusive and safe
Well run
Environmentally friendly
Well connected

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22
Q

who designed the egan wheel

A

the government think tank

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23
Q

what is the purpose of the Egan wheel

A

looks into future communities
used to compare places against each other

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24
Q

how is the information for the Egan wheel collected

A

part of a questionnaire
extended interview
focus groups

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25
Q

what are some economic ways of measuring the success of regeneration

A

is there more prosperity and disposable income

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26
Q

How can the success of regeneration be considered using demographic

A

is there stability
is there net in or out-immigration
improved safety
increased life expectancy
is there a reduced dependency ratio

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27
Q

how can regenerations social success be measured? (Place related)

A

Is there better safety
are most if not all areas accessible
has peoples image of the place changed (better or worse)

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28
Q

How can the environment of an area be used to see if regeneration was successful

A

has there been indoor and outdoor improvements
is there less overcrowding
Is there better access to open space facilities (parks)

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29
Q

how many projects did the millennium commission help create

A

225 projects

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30
Q

how much lottery funding was there for the millennium projects?

A

£1.3 billion

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31
Q

what millennium projects were successful

A

Eden project
O2 arena
Tate modern

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32
Q

what was the point of the millennium project

A

high-risk , imaginative and futuristic ideas

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33
Q

how many projects were unsuccessful? (millennium project)

A

3 which actually ended up closing

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34
Q

what is the core focus of the Eden project

A

educational charity that is also a tourist attraction
promote public education and research in flora and fauna

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35
Q

where was the Eden project constructed

A

160 year old exhausted china clay quarry at Boldelva in Cornwall

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36
Q

what did the Cornwall visitors survey 20004-05 show

A

the Eden project is the most popular tourist attraction in corwall
1 million visitors in 2004
12.8 million since it opened

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37
Q

what are the positives of the Eden project? (Examples)

A

contributed £1 billion to Cornish economy
employs 700 and supports 3000 local tourism jobs
2500 local suppliers for its catering supplies

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38
Q

what are the negatives of the Eden project

A

tensions between local and tourists
increased traffic congestion (many roads are single carriage)
locals see tourists as damaging by littering/ spoil natural beauty
some jobs are only temporary due to seasonal work (combat this by promotions in the winter time)

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39
Q

what was the Earth centre in Doncaster before construction

A

rural ex-colliery

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40
Q

what was the Doncaster ex Collier turned into to?

A

environmental tourist centre costing £55million

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41
Q

what was the problem with the earth centre

A

failed to attract enough of a target audience and closed in 2004

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42
Q

what was the earth centre turned into to

A

children’s outdoor adventure area

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43
Q

what might happen to the earth centres carpark? (Doncaster millennium project)

A

redeveloped into a housing scheme

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44
Q

where is Llanmadoc

A

Gower peninsula
south wales

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45
Q

what is Llanmadoc

A

remote rural village
dominated by second homes

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46
Q

what did the local residents do in Llanmadoc?

A

in 2007 bought £5000 of shares to open a community shop

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47
Q

who ran the community shop in llanmadoc

A

30 local volunteer staff

48
Q

what happened to the Llanmadoc community shop

A

moved to a larger purpose built shop
grants were given by the welsh government and Swansea city council

49
Q

why has the north Antrim coast becoming increasingly recognised

A

sporting success of Rory Mcllroy
filming of the Tv series game of thrones

50
Q

what successful bottom-up strategies have taken place in Ireland

A

causeway specialist market (diamond shopping centre) once a fortnight holds a fare with local businesses for food and crafts

51
Q

what are some rural diversification aims for the Antrim coast

A

£8.5 million to support rural businesses

52
Q

what are some examples of new rural workspace on the Antrim coast

A

40 new enterprises as well as 40 micro-enterprises focused on social economy

53
Q

What is the aim to improve tourism to the Antrim coast

A

activity based tourism
walking, cycling water based activities

54
Q

what are some stakeholders on the North Antrim coast

A

the national trust
Moyle district council
local farmers
Translink
renewable energy companies
local hoteliers and restaurants

55
Q

Why was the Stratford area chosen for the Olympic regeneration?

A

it was the second most deprived borough in London and had some of the lowest wages at £26,000 per capita per year compared to canary wharf which is £100,000.

56
Q

How many people left Detroit per month?

A

1000

57
Q

What was the demography of Handsworth in the past?

A

White, Christian

58
Q

What started the time of change for Handsworth?

A

Michael Boulton built a factory in the region meaning it became a low skilled area

59
Q

What allowed more ethnicities to move to Handsworth after the war?

A

The need for factories and for rebuilding predominantly filled by those from the west indies

60
Q

What allowed/made many afro Caribbean people chosen to move to Handsworth?

A

Visa criteria relaxed
Work
Cheap housing

61
Q

Why did additional migration from south Asia occur into Handsworth?

A

as migrants are often attracted to areas with increased diversity

62
Q

What process occurred in Handsworth as diversity increased? (negative)

A

‘white flight’

63
Q

What is white flight?

A

when the original white population flee as they no longer feel part of the community

64
Q

What % of the Handsworth population are from ethnic minorities?

A

89%

65
Q

What does low skilled work tend to attract?

A

Younger migrants with cultures that are usually more culturally accepting of higher birth rates

66
Q

What % of the Handsworth population is under 24?

A

25%

67
Q

How many colleges are in Hereford?

A

3

68
Q

How many combined students does the Hereford colleges have?

A

6000-7000

69
Q

What is the name of the university being built in Hereford?

A

NMITE – New Model Institute for Technology & Engineering (University of Hereford)

70
Q

What is the aim Nmite?

A

to educate more then 5000 engineering students

71
Q

What benefits will will the first cohort at NMITE have for the first year?

A

their academic fees and accommodation costs covered in full

72
Q

What % of Hereford is white?

A

97.8%

73
Q

What are the main migrants that move to Hereford?

A

Polish

74
Q

Why do Polish migrants prefer areas like hereford?

A

As many come from traditional farming communities so it is there expertise area but now they get paid more than in Poland

75
Q

How much will HS2 cost when complete?

A

£109 billion

76
Q

What main factor will affect the tension of a regen project?

A

The size as a larger project will affect more people with differing opinions making it hard to please all

77
Q

Which region of Hereford is more affluent north or south?

A

North

78
Q

What % of Herefords population is over 65?

A

29%

79
Q

What % of Handsworth population is under 18?

A

29%

80
Q

What was the main reason for change on Hereford?

A

To attract young people/ keep them in the area

81
Q

who was the main player in for the change in Hereford?

A

The local council

82
Q

What is the reason for reduced affluence in south Hereford?

A

Roads to wales which is a lower income area

83
Q

What are the main reasons for north Hereford being more affluent?

A

Old people - grey pound
Jobs

84
Q

What river is Hereford based around and how was this important for development and purpose?

A

Around the river wye which creates fertile soil from the silt from floods and was also used for irrigation

85
Q

Why is Hereford no longer recognised for wool?

A

Competition from the north (Lake District)

86
Q

When was the farmers market closed and converted to a shopping centre in Hereford?

A

2014

87
Q

Why do young people tend to leave Hereford?

A

As main sector is primary (agriculture) which is hard work, low paying and unattractive

88
Q

What was constructed in 1948 in Hereford which lead to an influx of educated individuals?

A

a hospital

89
Q

What is the grey pound?

A

The spending power of the over 50’s / the retired

90
Q

How is the grey pound important for the UK?

A

3/4 of nations financial wealth (320bn annual household spending)

91
Q

How can the disparity in affluence between north and south in Hereford be seen?

A

South income in £20,900 which in around 6k below national average

92
Q

What % of people in handsworth are over 65?

A

9%

93
Q

How deprived is handsworth compared to other wards?

A

12th most deprived out of the 69

94
Q

How has the population changed overtime in handsworth?

A

1851-6000
1881-32000
1911- around 60,000
Present day- 12000

95
Q

What are the causes for depopulation of Handsworth?

A

Deindustrialisation
Riots

96
Q

Why might the proportion of women in Hereford be higher?

A

Safe
Women live longer then men which is significant for an older population

97
Q

What are the life expectancies of people in Hereford?

A

Women-83
Men-79

98
Q

When were there riots in handsworth?

A

1981, 85, 91

99
Q

What is deprivation?

A

Where a group of people are considered to be lacking in an aspect involved in providing good standards of living or QOL

100
Q

How was Stratford rated against other London boroughs for deprivation?

A

2nd most deprived.

101
Q

What were some examples of the causes of deprivation in Stratford?

A

Overcrowded
Wages lower then London average
Knife crime
High high school dropout

102
Q

What will the score of the most deprived area be on the IMD?

A

1

103
Q

How many schools use the Olympic swimming pool from Stratford?

A

28

104
Q

How much has swimming uptake/ proficiency increased in Stratford?

A

32%

105
Q

Does increased swimming show that regeneration was successful in Stratford?

A

Partially but some schools might not use it/ be able to
might have some health improvement but asthma might still be bad due to poor air quality

106
Q

What was the problem with schools in Stratford before regeneration?

A

Over subscribed
Poor grades

107
Q

How many more schools places were available after the Stratford regeneration?

A

2000

108
Q

How did grade achievement change in Stratford from before and after regen?

A

2009- 47% A*-C
Present- 62%

109
Q

What could be another reason for increased education achievement besides better schools?

A

Gentrification- more affluent families might make kids prioritise education and be able to afford tutors

110
Q

Why did 2 of the 3 new schools get outstanding from OFSTED?

A

More affluent kids have better diet and thus behaviour

111
Q

What was the problem with selling of the Olympic buildings after the games? (Employment)

A

Loss of jobs as many were bought by high tech companies which didn’t suit skill of area

112
Q

What is an example of social cleansing from Stratford regen?

A

450 houses destroyed increasing house price forcing local out and rich in those from council houses who couldn’t find new houses relocated as far as Manchester

113
Q

How many jobs and business were lost due to Stratford regen?

A

9000 jobs
380 businesses

114
Q

How might the demographic changes from the Stratford regen be measured?

A

Number of working age moving to area (Age)
Diversity- representative of the make up of the rest of London

115
Q

How much longer will someone from the south of the UK live then the north?

A

7 years

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