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Geography > Ice House To Greenhouse: Climate Change > Flashcards

Ice House To Greenhouse: Climate Change Flashcards

1
Q

What is carbon dating

A

Using radioactive testing to find the age of rocks which contained living material

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2
Q

What is erosion

A

Waering away of the landscape

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3
Q

What is an eon

A

Basic unit of geological time where a type of rock system is formed

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4
Q

What is an era

A

Subdivsion of geological time divides an eon into smaller units

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5
Q

What is an example of an eon

A

The phanerozoic eon

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6
Q

What era is the phanerozoic eon split into

A

Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

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7
Q

What is an epoch

A

Longer than an age and shorter than a period

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8
Q

What is geology

A

Earth science
Study of solid rock
Rocks of which its composed.
Change the rock goes through

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9
Q

What is glaciation

A

A cold period of time where glaciers expanded widley

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10
Q

What is strata

A

Horizontal layers of rock

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11
Q

What is a greenhouse earth

A

No continental icesheets on earth due ti warmer tenperatures from higher concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere
Normal/ most common state

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12
Q

What is ice house earth

A

Ice sheets cover a large proportion of the land due to overall temperature of earth being lower than average

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13
Q

How many known ice house earths ahve there been

A

At least 5

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14
Q

What is a glacial period

A

Cooler when ice advances

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15
Q

What is an interglacial period

A

Wamer when ice retreats

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16
Q

What is the name the most recent ice age

A

Quaternary ice age
Started 2.6million years ago to present day

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17
Q

What are the two epochs of the quaternary

A

Plesitocene lasted untill 10000 years ago
Holocene 10,000 years to present day

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18
Q

How many glacial and interglacial cycles happened in the Pleistocene epoch

A

50 cycles

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19
Q

What happened during the Pleistocene

A

Glaciers reached their maximum extent

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20
Q

What is the last glacial extent know as

A

Devensian

21
Q

When did the devensian occur

A

18,000years ago

22
Q

What was rhe last glacial advance in the uk called

A

Loch lomond stadial

23
Q

When did the loch lomond stadial occur

A

12,000-10,000 yrs before present

24
Q

What has been linked to the start of the quaternary ice age

A

Changing position of continents a result of plate tectonics
North and south american plates collided creating the panama isthmus

25
Q

What is an isthmus

A

A thin stretch of land with oceans on both sides

26
Q

How were trade winds affected (creation of Panama isthmus)

A

Wamr carribean waters that flowed through the gap between the americas were forced towards europe creating the gukd stream

27
Q

What did the formation of the gulf stream do

A

Transported extra moisture into the arctic atmosphere this fell as snow triggering the build up of the greenland ice sheet

28
Q

When did Antarctica seperate from SA

A

34 million years ago

29
Q

What was created when Antarctica seperated from SA

A

The drake passage
Antarctica was completely surrounded by ocean

30
Q

What is the circupolar current

A

Ocean currents isolating Antarctica from the warmth of global oceans

31
Q

Why is it cooler in Antarctica

A

Oblique solar rays larger area receives a lesser concentration per M

32
Q

Why is it warmer near the equator

A

Verticle rats so the solar rays are more concentrated per m

33
Q

What has happened to global temperatures on average

A

They are increasing

34
Q

What is eccentricity

A

Shape of earths orbit
Circular to elliptical
100,000year cycle

35
Q

When is there more solar radiation exposure for eccentricity (elliptical or circular)

A

Elliptical

36
Q

What is the furthest point in earths orbit from the sun

A

Aphelion

37
Q

What is the closest point in earths orbit to the sun

A

Perihelion

38
Q

What is obliquity

A

Tilt of earths axis during its orbit
Varies between 21.5 and 25.5
41,000yr cycle
Changes season severity

39
Q

What is the procession of equinoxs

A

Wobble as earth spins
Season where earth experiences perihelion changes
Northern hemisphere winter at perihelion
21,000yr cycle
Affects seasonsl intensity

40
Q

What volcanic eruption occurred in april 1815

A

Mt Toabora, indonesia

41
Q

What happened to temperatures the followng year after the Italian volcanic eruption

A

Accounts of very cold weather documented globally

42
Q

What did scientists originally cuased the cooling after volcanic eruptions

A

Ash emittied into the atmosphere was responsible for widespread cooling
However, measurments showed that most ash retured to surface within a few weeks/months

43
Q

What is the main contributer to volcanic colling

A

Vast amount of sulphur dioxide gas injected into the atmosphere for upto three years

44
Q

How do sulphate aerosols cause net cooling

A

They increase the reflection rate of solar radiation back into space cooling earths lower atmosphere

45
Q

What is the name for variations in solar outputs

A

Sunspots

46
Q

What are sunspots

A

Darker areas on the suns photosphere
Regions of reduced surface temperature

47
Q

What causes sunspots

A

Cooncentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibits convection

48
Q

What do sunspots indicate

A

The sun is more active releasing more thermal energy

49
Q

What is the maunder minumum

A

Sun was observed to have very little solar spot activity at the end of the little ice age (1650-1750)

Geography (103 decks)

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