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Geography > What Are The Causes Of Globalisation And it’s accelerating pace > Flashcards

What Are The Causes Of Globalisation And it’s accelerating pace Flashcards

1
Q

What is globalisation

A

Basically means everything goes global trade goes global
companies go global communication goes global
culture goes global

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2
Q

What is economic integration

A

Economies are coming more more connected through trade and the movement of goods and capital

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3
Q

What does economic integration motivate

A

Improve transport and communication and spreads culture

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4
Q

What are the positives of economic integration

A

Opportunities to be able to buy and sell any country in the world the
growth of global marketing finance
opportunities for labour and capital to locate anywhere in the world

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5
Q

How does the movement of TNCS to lower cost areas affect the consumer market?

A

More choice a lower price is providing incentives for competitiveness

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6
Q

What can exports stimulate

A

Job creation - earning valuable foreign currency

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7
Q

What does FDI stand for

A

Foreign direct investment

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8
Q

When was the General agreement on tariffs and trade signed

A

1948

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9
Q

How many countries agreed to the general agreement on tariffs and trade in 1948

A

23 countries route 45,000 Thai concessions in US$10 billion of trade

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10
Q

By 1973 how many countries are joining GATT agreement

A

102 countries agreed in tariff reductions worth more than US$300 billion

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11
Q

When was the world trade organisation founded

A

1994

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12
Q

How many governments agreed to the WTO Tariff reductions

A

123 countries agreed major reductions in tariffs and agricultural subsidies

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13
Q

What did the WTO agreement allow access to

A

Full access for textiles and clothing from developing countries and an extension of intellectual property rights

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14
Q

When was the Doha development round created

A

2001

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15
Q

What are the main disagreements in reducing trade barriers in the present day

A

US and the EU and emerging economies like Brazil disagree over agricultural subsidies which are viewed as a type of trade barrier

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16
Q

What factors might have accelerated globalisation

A

TNCs
Newmarket
transport costs
computer/Internet technologies international organisations

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17
Q

Why are TNCs considered the architects of globalisation

A

They invest abroad and build links between the places that make products and the places That consume the goods and services

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18
Q

What happened in the 19 century reduce the cost of moving goods internationally

A

Railways
Telegraph
steamships

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19
Q

What led to further reduce transport and handling costs in the 20th century?

A

Containerisation and aviation/airfreight

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20
Q

How can manufacturing and diversification to be coordinated

A

By providing a wide range of new services, features or products to customers in a new market

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21
Q

What is the name of the creation of recognisable global brands?

A

Brand recognition

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22
Q

Why do companies invest in new markets

A

To make profits more consumers create more potential sales in this higher potential profits
As they are able to sell goods to a whole new area

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23
Q

What are examples of some current new markets

A

India and China has encourage businesses to invest money in the hope of generating more sales

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24
Q

When were the earliest computers developed

A

In top-secret by the US and UK during World War II

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25
Q

What were the early computers used for

A

Used To break enemy code and to develop the nuclear bomb

26
Q

Who designed the very first computer?

A

Alan Turing at station X Bletchley Park to break the German enigma code

27
Q

How many computers were in the UK by the end of the war

A

10 of the colossus computers working 24 hours a day break in German Italian in Japanese code

28
Q

When were the computers used in the war finally declassified

A

In the 1970s

29
Q

Who invented the integrated circuit chip

A

Jack Kilby 1958

30
Q

When was the first micro processor chip invented

A

1971

31
Q

What has happened to processing power every year since 1971

A

It has doubled

32
Q

What is containerisation

A

A system of intermodal freight transport using standard containers that can be loaded onto ships, railways, planes and lorries

33
Q

When did containerships begin operating

A

In the 1950s

34
Q

What percentage of a number cargo is transported by containers today

A

90%

35
Q

What is TEU?

A

20 foot equivalent units. It is based on the volume of a 20 foot long intermodal container a standard size metal box

36
Q

What are the advantages of containerisation

A

More secure cargo
 Improvements import handling efficiency = lower costs = increase trade flows

37
Q

What is the cost of shipping a TV from China to the UK

A

£6

38
Q

What is the cost of shipping a bottle of wine from Australia to the UK

A

6p

39
Q

How much have costs changed on goods since the 1950’s for containerisation

A

100% reducing the friction of distance

40
Q

What are boats that use containers also known as

A

Box boats they carry the majority of the worlds manufacturing

41
Q

What do containerisation prompt

A

The global shift of manufacturing in China from HIC to a NEE s

42
Q

What was the TEU of the largest container ship in 1980

A

5000

43
Q

What is the TEU of the Emma maersk 

A

Is 15,200

44
Q

When was the Boeing 707 introduced

A

1959 it was the first narrow body jet

45
Q

What aircraft was introduced in 1970 as a first wide-body aircraft

A

Boeing 747 that seats 524 people

46
Q

When was the first double-decker wide-body aircraft introduced

A

2007 called the airbus A380 seats 853 people and uses 20% less fuel per passenger

47
Q

What does it mean until the 1970s most major airlines were flag carriers

A

It means a response by the government and protected from competition

48
Q

What create a competition in choice for the consumer in regards to air travel

A

The open skies agreement

49
Q

What were cheaper airlines do to make sure they still make a profit

A

Instead of having an expensive flight with all inclusive they may charge for luxuries like food priority boarding seat allocation and baggage

50
Q

What percentage of goods by volume and value are transported by air

A

5% by volume
36% by value

51
Q

What are fibre-optic’s?

A

Technology Associated with the transmission of information as light passes along a glass or plastic strand or fibre

52
Q

What are fibre optics designed for?

A

Long-distance very high performance data networking and telecommunications this has led to the cost of data transmission becoming cheaper due to global fibre-optic cable network

53
Q

When was the first GPS satellite launched

A

In the 1970s

54
Q

How many satellites are situated in the atmosphere today

A

24 situated 10,000 km above earth

55
Q

What does GPS satellites do

A

Continuously broadcast position and time data usage throughout the world

56
Q

Why do companies use GPS satellites

A

Deliveries can be tracked using vehicle tracking systems help in the growth of global production of networks

57
Q

How did the Internet begin its life

A

Part of a scheme funded by the US defence Department during the Cold War it was designed you in the 1960s as a way of linking vital research

58
Q

What is the Doha round?

A

A trade negotiation of the WTO

59
Q

What was the objective of the Doha development round?

A

objective was to lower trade barriers around the world, and thus facilitate increased global trade.

60
Q

What has allowed for easier and fast communication between areas?

A

Social media such as WhatsApp

Geography (103 decks)

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