Managing threats to glaciated landscapes Flashcards
What are the three types of management strategy in the glaciated landscape
Total exploitation
Sustainable exploitation
Total protection
What is total exploitation
Do nothing to protect the landscape
What is total protection
No exploitation to landscape takes place
When was the Antarctic treaty signed
1959 (1961 put into force)
How many signatory states are in the Antarctic treaty in 2015
53 (56 today)
Does Antarctica have a native population
No
What sort of things does the Antarctic treaty state
Scientific preserve
Freedom of scientific research
Ban on military activity
When did the Madrid protocol come into affect
1998
What did the Madrid protocol aim to do
Ban mineral exploitation of Antarctica for the next 50 years
Does the Antarctic treaty allow for tourism
It allows tourism but it is heavily regulated
What are tourism companies required to have to visit Antarctica
They must have permits and give guidance on how tourists should act
What is the Alpine Convention
The Alpine convention is an international treaty between Alpine states
What are some countries that are members of the Alpine convention
Italy
Monaco
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Slovenia
What is the Aim of the Alpine convention
To achieve sustainable development in the Alps by protecting the natural environment While promoting economic development
How many residents live in the Alps
14 million
How many people visit the Alps each year
120 million
When did the Alpine convention come into affect
1995
Why is the Alpine convention not 100% successful
No all states have agreed to all protocols
What country hasn’t ratified any protocols in the Alpine convention
Switzerland have not ratified any protocols
Why hasn’t Switzerland Agreed to the protocols
Mountain cantons for their responsibility for the local area would be taken away
What was the reason the mountain cantons didn’t agree
They thought that the protocol is heavily focused on the environmental factors and not the economic development of the area
Where/what is the ZERMATT
Ski resort in Switzerland
What did the residents of Zermatt ban in 1966
Most cars were banned
What is the main form of transportation in Zermatt today
Most electrified forms of travel such as electric buses bikes and cars
How does Arosa Switzerland offset carbon emissions generated by tourist
Tourism office asked participants how they traveled to the resorts and what activities they did
They then buy carbon credits credits
What are carbon credits
Any tradable certificate that gives the right to a carbon dioxide or equivalent amount of different greenhouse gas
What does it mean to call climate change a context risk? (Glaciation)
Means that it poses a widespread global hazard including many threats to glacial landscapes
What they do in Slovenia to combat climate change
Financial support and subsidies are granted to families in public bodies for using renewable energy sources such as solar collectors heat pumps and biomass boilers
What is Lea Gabion and what do they do
Office seminars professionals and individuals in Eco construction to reduce energy consumption in carbon as well as protecting heritage
What benefit do the residence of gap in France get
Buses are free for It’s 39,000 inhabitants of the city centre
shuttle every 10 minutes so frequent
Where does Arosa Switzerland by its carbon credits from
From a German biogas plant
What else does the Arosa to ski resort offer to reduce climate change
Eco-friendly activities such as free bus use electric bikes Ski lifts cable cars and pedalos
What has been done in Bavaria as protection measures against floods
Enlarging reservoirs to store floodwaters
Restoration of natural peatlands and wet lands
Afforestation schemes
