Managing threats to glaciated landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of management strategy in the glaciated landscape

A

Total exploitation
Sustainable exploitation
Total protection

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2
Q

What is total exploitation

A

Do nothing to protect the landscape

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3
Q

What is total protection

A

No exploitation to landscape takes place

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4
Q

When was the Antarctic treaty signed

A

1959 (1961 put into force)

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5
Q

How many signatory states are in the Antarctic treaty in 2015

A

53 (56 today)

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6
Q

Does Antarctica have a native population

A

No

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7
Q

What sort of things does the Antarctic treaty state

A

Scientific preserve
Freedom of scientific research
Ban on military activity

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8
Q

When did the Madrid protocol come into affect

A

1998

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9
Q

What did the Madrid protocol aim to do

A

Ban mineral exploitation of Antarctica for the next 50 years

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10
Q

Does the Antarctic treaty allow for tourism

A

It allows tourism but it is heavily regulated

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11
Q

What are tourism companies required to have to visit Antarctica

A

They must have permits and give guidance on how tourists should act

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12
Q

What is the Alpine Convention

A

The Alpine convention is an international treaty between Alpine states

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13
Q

What are some countries that are members of the Alpine convention

A

Italy
Monaco
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Slovenia

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14
Q

What is the Aim of the Alpine convention

A

To achieve sustainable development in the Alps by protecting the natural environment While promoting economic development

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15
Q

How many residents live in the Alps

A

14 million

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16
Q

How many people visit the Alps each year

A

120 million

17
Q

When did the Alpine convention come into affect

A

1995

18
Q

Why is the Alpine convention not 100% successful

A

No all states have agreed to all protocols

19
Q

What country hasn’t ratified any protocols in the Alpine convention

A

Switzerland have not ratified any protocols

20
Q

Why hasn’t Switzerland Agreed to the protocols

A

Mountain cantons for their responsibility for the local area would be taken away

21
Q

What was the reason the mountain cantons didn’t agree

A

They thought that the protocol is heavily focused on the environmental factors and not the economic development of the area

22
Q

Where/what is the ZERMATT

A

Ski resort in Switzerland

23
Q

What did the residents of Zermatt ban in 1966

A

Most cars were banned

24
Q

What is the main form of transportation in Zermatt today

A

Most electrified forms of travel such as electric buses bikes and cars

25
Q

How does Arosa Switzerland offset carbon emissions generated by tourist

A

Tourism office asked participants how they traveled to the resorts and what activities they did
They then buy carbon credits credits

26
Q

What are carbon credits

A

Any tradable certificate that gives the right to a carbon dioxide or equivalent amount of different greenhouse gas

27
Q

What does it mean to call climate change a context risk? (Glaciation)

A

Means that it poses a widespread global hazard including many threats to glacial landscapes

28
Q

What they do in Slovenia to combat climate change

A

Financial support and subsidies are granted to families in public bodies for using renewable energy sources such as solar collectors heat pumps and biomass boilers

29
Q

What is Lea Gabion and what do they do

A

Office seminars professionals and individuals in Eco construction to reduce energy consumption in carbon as well as protecting heritage

30
Q

What benefit do the residence of gap in France get

A

Buses are free for It’s 39,000 inhabitants of the city centre
shuttle every 10 minutes so frequent

31
Q

Where does Arosa Switzerland by its carbon credits from

A

From a German biogas plant

32
Q

What else does the Arosa to ski resort offer to reduce climate change

A

Eco-friendly activities such as free bus use electric bikes Ski lifts cable cars and pedalos

33
Q

What has been done in Bavaria as protection measures against floods

A

Enlarging reservoirs to store floodwaters
Restoration of natural peatlands and wet lands
Afforestation schemes