Why Do Some Tectonic Hazards Develop Into Disasters? Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hazard?

A

A percieved natural event formed by tectonic processes which has the potential to threaten both life and property

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2
Q

What is the defenition of a disaster?

A

Means different things to different people
UN= a serious disruption of the function of a communtiy, when a societys ability to cope cant be met with their own resources
Kills 10 or injures 100

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3
Q

What are the factors of vulnerability?

A

Settlement location
Knowledge and understanding
The ability to retreat
Resilience, community adaptation and preparedness

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4
Q

What is the risk equation?

A

Risk= hazardx exposure x(vulnerability / manageability)

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5
Q

What is the PAR model

A

Pressure and release model
Suggests that without a hazard taking place and without some degree of vulnerability- a diaster cannot occur.

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6
Q

How is a nut cracker tool similar to the PAR model

A

With the pressure of a hazard on the population on 1 side and the factors that amke them vulnerable on the other side.
If this pressure is too great the nut will crack ( a disaster will occur)

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7
Q

Howdoes being a HIC decrease the chance of a hazard becoming a diaster?

A

Asiemic design
Education and training
Search and rescue
Constant monitoring

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8
Q

How do we measure magnitude

A

Richter scale
Moment magnitude scale

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9
Q

How does the richter scale work

A

Uses thearrival time of P and S waves the amplitude of the S waves and the distance from the epicentre to calculate magnitude

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10
Q

How does the moment magnitude scale work

A

Uses energy releasedby all shockwaves as well as the area of rupture and movement/ strength of the rock broken

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11
Q

What is the mercalli scale

A

Not quantafiable subjective data not entirely reliable different people experince things different

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12
Q

What is the volcanic explosivity index

A

Starts at 0 with little ejection
The higher the number the more tephra released
Each level is 10x more explosive

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13
Q

What is hazard profiling

A

Allows us to compare hazrads in term of dates magnitude and death rates.

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