Development theories Flashcards
What are the 3 development theories?
World systems theory
Dependancy theory
Modernisation theory
When was the modernisation theory created?
In the 1960s
Who created the modernisation theory?
WW Rostow
What is the modernisation theory?
a theory that a country would develop in 5 stages
What are the five stages of the modernisation theory?
Traditional theory
Pre-conditions for take off
Take off
Drive to maturity
High mass conumption
Does any country fit tradional society of modernisation theory?
No
What is the traditional society stage of the modernaisation theory?
Mainly agricultural
Little manufacturing
Leaders are landowners
Rule of law limited
When was traditional society in the UK?
600 years (1400-1500)
What is the pre-conditions for take off stage of modernisation theory?
growth of manufaucturing
still mainly agricultural
development of central governement
basic legal system
What are some examples of nations that are in the pre-conditions for take off stage?
Agrarian African nations (Mali and Somalia)
when was the uk in the pre-conditions for take off stage?
early 1800’s
What is the take off stage?
Focus on manufacturing
Surge in technology
development of court system
know currency
when was the take off stage for the uk?
late 1800’s start of industrial revolution
what are some exmaples of countries currenlty on take off stage?
Bangladesh
Pakistan
what is the drive to maturity stage?
significant economic growth
technology embedded into life
highly industrialised
What are some countries in the drive to maturity stage?
India
Brazil
China
when was UK in the dirve to maturity stage?
1950’s-60’s
what is high mass consumption? (Last part of development model)
Tertiary and quaternary industry (brain power)
Highly educated society
significant social welfare (society)
what are some examples of countries who are in high mass consumption stage?
UK
USA
France
Australia
when did the UK enter the high mass consumption stage?
1970’s-80’s
what is the main problem with the modernisation theory?
only looks at economic growth and cannot help understand the culture and political aspects needed for superpower status
Why should we not bet 100% china will be the next superpower?
As Japan were predicted to be a global superpower but they have not reached this level
What was Japan destined to be in the 1980?
A global superpower
How did Japans GDP per capita compare to the rest of the globe in the 1980’s?
Had a higher GDP per capita then the USA or UK
Why was Japan destined to be the next superpower?
due to being the world leader in technological exports
What happened to the Japanese economy in 1990/95?
its economy popped
How did property cause the Japan economy pop?
property value bubble burst causing a collapse of the stock maket
How did high interest rates cause the Japan economy to pop?
high interest rates of 4-6% encouraged saving over spending (slowing economy)
How did an ageing popualtion cause the Japan economy to collapse?
Became a problem wuickly as there were less individuls who were earning and spending money (further slowing economic growth)
How did competitors lead to the Japan economic pop?
more competitive Asian nations (China and South Korea) stole Japans lead on hi-tech consumer goods
who created the dependancy theory?
A.G. Frank
How did Frank view the world?
as having a developed core and underdeveloped periphery
What did Frank theorise? (Superpowers)
that the developed core deliberately keeps the periphery in a state of underdevelopment by exploiting its cheap resources, taking the most skilled worekers and selling it manufactured goods
What things do developed nations ‘give’ that keep the periphery underdeveloped?
Manufactured goods
Polluting industry
Aid
Brain drain
What does the periphery give that keeps core countries rich?
Politial and economic ideas
Raw materials
Political support
Debt repayment + Purchase payments
Who created the world systems theory?
Wallerstein
What is the world systems theory?
that there is a world economic system where some countries benefit and some are exploited
What does the world system say about core countries?
Dominant
Capitalist
exploit peripheral countries for labour and raw material
What does the world systems theory say about Peripheral countries?
dependent on core countries for capital and are less industrialized and urbanized
WHat does the world system say about semi-peripheral countries?
countries share characteristics of both core and periphral countries
What is the USA an example of in the world systems theory?
Core country
Why is the USA a core country?
lots of capital
lots of well-paid labour
import materials from nearby Mexico and Brazil
What is India seen as in the world systems theory?
Semi-peripheral
Why is India seen as semi-peripheral?
largely dependant on foreign investors for capital
growing tech industry
emerging middle class market
What is Cape Verde on world systems theory?
Peripheral country
Why is Cape Verde seen as a peripheral country?
foreing investors extract raw materials
produce cash crops
all are exported to wealthier nations with little profit return
