IGO’s Have Been Formed To Manage The Environment

Question 1

What issues would never be fully solved if only one country worked on them?

Answer 1

Climate change
Pollution
Hydro issues

Question 2

Why are IGOs best suited to tacking transboundary issues?

Answer 2

Many members are powerful economic states
IGO’s promote countries to work together

Question 3

What was happening to the ozone layer?

Answer 3

It was depleting

Question 4

What was the main reason for Ozone depletion?

Answer 4

CFCs as they react with UV and create choline free radicals that bond to monatomic oxygen stopping O3 production

Question 5

What meant that ozone thickness began to increase?

Answer 5

Due to the global wide action agreed in Montreal protocol (1987)

Question 6

What does CITES stand for?

Answer 6

Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species

Question 7

What is the aim of CITES?

Answer 7

To protect plants and animals by regulating trade

Question 8

What do CITES trade controls aim to do?

Answer 8

Make it harder to buy and sell certain species as if its difficult to sell or profit from the trade of species people will no longer collect them

Question 9

When was CITES drafted and signed?

Answer 9

1975

Question 10

How many members are there in CITES?

Answer 10

183

Question 11

How many species are protected by CITES?

Answer 11

35,000

Question 12

How many transactions are registered though CITES?

Answer 12

1 million (this maybe individuals or hundreds or thousands of individuals)

Question 13

What is needed for change to occur with the CITES listing?

Answer 13

2/3 majority vote

Question 14

With is CITES biggest problem?

Answer 14

It deals with trade and not habitat losses which is one of the biggest causes of species loss

Question 15

What can members of CITES do to affect the outcomes of votes?

Answer 15

countries with vested interests often send large delegations and high ranking politicians to persuade other countries to side with them in crucial votes

Question 16

What can CITES do if a country violates the rules?

Answer 16

Respond with sanctions preventing a country from trading in CITES listed species (this is rare though)

Question 17

What can a CITES country to do avoid sanction?

Answer 17

They can leave as membership is voluntary

Question 18

What are some success stories of CITEs allowing wild populations to recover?

Answer 18

South American Vicuña (camel family)
Nile crocodile

Question 19

What area of the environment does UNCLOS cover?

Answer 19

The way in which IGO’s manage the ocean environment

Question 20

Under UNCLOS what can a state do with the ocean 12 miles from its coastline?

Answer 20

Right to anything (territorial area)

Question 21

What does UNCLOS allow within 200 nautical miles off from the coastline?

Answer 21

Fishing rights
Rights to mineral resource
(Exclusive economic zone)

Question 22

What are the UNCLOS rules for how the ocean 350 miles from the coastline can be managed?

Answer 22

Exclusive rights to mineral resources after process to establish the outer border of continental shelf

Question 23

When was UNCLOS signed?

Answer 23

1982

Question 24

What does UNCLOS cover/ want to protect?

Answer 24

Concerns all fishing, resources and pollution and the activities that take place in/ on the seas

Question 25

What explicit conditions does UNCLOS have?

Answer 25

Protection of marine environments

Question 26

What are states obliged to do under UNCLOS?

Answer 26

Must ensure the protection and preservation of the marine environment in each territorial zone of the sea

Question 27

What concerns are there about UNCLOS?

Answer 27

There is no treaty to protect the high seas and no one is responsible for waste there (64% of ocean and 90% of volume)

Question 28

What has the Antarctic treaty called Antarctica?

Answer 28

A land which is a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science

Question 29

How many key points are there in the Antarctic treaty?

Answer 29

10

Question 30

What are the 10 key points of the Antarctic treaty?

Answer 30

No nuclear weapons
No military training
National law applied to citizens
Territorial claims on hold
Free exchange of scientific plans and data
Freedom of scientific investigation
Applies to land not the sea
Treaty nations must make sure rules are maintained
Rules can be changed but must be unanimous
No mineral extraction

Question 31

What had the Antarctic treaty been described as?

Answer 31

One of the most successful international agreements and remains in force indefinitely

Question 32

What is the one thing that the Antarctic treaty can’t prevent?

Answer 32

Climate change