Unit 2 terms quiz

Question 1

Samarkand

Answer 1

stopping point on the Silk Roads that was a center for cultural exchange, trading goods, diverse religions, artisans, and Islamic centers of learning

Question 2

caravanserai

Answer 2

roughly translating to “caravan palace” in Persian, these were inns 100 miles apart (distance camels could travel without water) on the Silk roads with places for people and animals to rest and get water

Question 3

flying cash

Answer 3

A Chinese money system that let someone deposit money at one location and withdraw it at another. Became the model for later banks, including modern ones. encouraged trade

Question 4

Hanseatic League

Answer 4

A commercial alliance between countries in Germany and Scandinavia that controlled trade in the North and Baltic Seas, protecting ships from pirates and monopolizing trade. Traded with ports in the Mediterranean Sea. Lasted until 17th century, when governments became strong enough to protect their ships on their own

Question 5

Mongols

Answer 5

began as nomadic herders and experienced horseback riders in Central Asia, shaped by a harsh landscape. Led by Genghis Khan after he took over neighboring tribes and amassed enough power to be elected Great Khan of the empire. Known for their ruthlessness and brutality, many surrendered before they even arrived. Largest continuous land-based empire ever. Had intense military skill and discipline, used innovative strategies, and took innovations and skilled people from places they conquered to assimilate them into their own culture. Countries under the Mongol Empire often prospered. Used a single international law for their Empire that affected society after their decline. Women had many rights and wore the same leather pants as men to horseride. Eventually, the empire declined due to a lack of ferocity several generations later.

Question 6

khan

Answer 6

king, often of a Mongol tribe

Question 7

kurultai

Answer 7

gathering of Mongolian chieftains. they elected Genghis Khan as the khan of the Mongol Empire at one

Question 8

Genghis Khan

Answer 8

The name Temujin took (means “ruler of all”) when his ruthlessness and power-hungry nature paid off and he became the great khan of the Mongol Empire

Question 9

khanate

Answer 9

kingdom of a khan

Question 10

Pax Mongolica

Answer 10

period of peace during the Mongol Empire. Genghis Khan established new trade routes, and constructed a city and government based on what Chinese and Islamic scholars told him to do. His soldiers protected trade routes and the Silk Roads. It was very liberal and countries under Mongol rule experienced liberal religious tolerance and extreme prosperity.

Question 11

Golden Hoard

Answer 11

elite army of Batu

Question 12

Il-khanate

Answer 12

Hulegu’s empire. Mongols ruled, but Persians served local officials. Religiously tolerant at first, but after Hulegu and other Mongols living there converted to Islam, they supported massacres of Christians and Muslims

Question 13

Kublai Khan

Answer 13

grandson of Genghis Khan who became Great Khan and conquered China after many years of trying. Established the Yuan Dynasty in China

Question 14

Yuan Dynasty

Answer 14

started when Kublai Khan conquered China. Rebuilt the capital the Mongols had previously destroyed, established a policy of religious tolerance, and improved Chinese trade. Many Chinese initially enjoyed Mongol rule. However, eventually, the Mongols alienated the Chinese by hiring foreign government officials and separating themselves from the Chinese, leading to the Mongols failing to expand the empire further and getting overtaken by the Chinese.

Question 15

White Lotus Society

Answer 15

Secret Chinese society that organized the end of the Yuan Dynasty

Question 16

Uyghur alphabet

Answer 16

Alphabet Genghis Khan had a scribe to create to unite the Mongol Empire, but it failed, although it is still used in Mongolia today

Question 17

Malacca

Answer 17

Muslim city-state that controlled the Straight of Malacca and became very wealthy by having their navy impose fees on the people who used the Straight. Expanded until the Portuguese took over hoping to take the straight’s wealth

Question 18

Calicut

Answer 18

City on the west coast of India that became a bustling port city, Arab and Chinese merchants met and were welcomed to trade there (lots of spices)

Question 19

Spice Islands

Answer 19

modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia traded in nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamon

Question 20

monsoon winds

Answer 20

winds that changed predictably on the Indian Ocean that merchants had to time their trips around

Question 21

lateen sails

Answer 21

may or may not have been invented by Arabs, their triangular shape could catch winds from any direction

Question 22

astrolabe

Answer 22

improved by Muslims, sailors could determine how far they were from the equator

Question 23

diaspora

Answer 23

merchants would travel and settle where they went, intermarrying and merging the two cultures in a blend. Both cultures would be affected by the other.

Question 24

Zheng He

Answer 24

Muslim admiral who went on 7 voyages with the goal of showing the might of the Ming Empire and receiving tribute. Opened up world trade for Chinese goods and new cultures to China. However, this did not agree with Confucianism principles the cultures were considered inferior to that of the Chinese, so Zheng’s voyages were ended.

Question 25

Mali

Answer 25

African country that rose after Ghana fell. Extremely prosperous and Muslim because of earlier merchants, they thrived off the gold trade and cultivated rice and sorghum, and they taxed all trade entering West Africa. Had Timbuktu, founded by Sundiata, home of Mansa Musa.

Question 26

Sundiata

Answer 26

founder of Mali. His father ruled a small country until he was killed, along with his family but not him because he was young and crippled. He was exiled and trained and became a warrior and returned as “the Lion Prince,” reclaiming the throne. He was beloved and a talented ruler. He was Muslim and used that to facilitate trade with African and Arabian merchants, and cultivated the gold trade to grow Mali’s wealth.

Question 27

Mansa Musa

Answer 27

Very wealthy and devout Muslim who took a pilgrimage to Mecca and temporarily ruined the African economy because of how rich he was and how much he bought/gave away. He established religious schools and spread support for Islam throughout Africa, as well as spreading the truth and knowledge of Mali’s extreme wealth. Islam is still important in Africa today.

Question 28

Timbuktu

Answer 28

Very wealthy city in Mali and a center of Islamic learning.

Question 29

Black Death/Bubonic plauge

Answer 29

Transferred by fleas, likely by Mongol conquering and close quarters at caravanserai. Europeans suffered heavy losses. 25 million died, more deaths worldwide. This contributed to economic decline in Europe, but also made standards better for workers which would lead to economic change and eventually the Renaissance.

Question 30

Marco Polo

Answer 30

Italian merchant who traveled to the Mongolian/Chinese court of Kublai Khan. He worked and wrote about his travels, there, publishing a book about China’s wealth most Europeans wouldn’t believe until further journies were made to China. Most of the book was focused on trade and wealth because he had the point of view of a merchant.

Question 31

Ibn Battuta

Answer 31

Muslim scholar from Morocco who traveled the world. Visited Muslim communities literally everywhere across the world. Wrote a book about the wealth of countries. From the perspective of someone who was trying to learn as much about Islamic culture and traditions as he could.

Question 32

Margery Kempe

Answer 32

Autobiography she dictated to scribes of this Chrostian mystic Mideval European woman, detailing her diverse travels and lif with 14 children. One of the rare firsthand accounts of the life of a Mideval European female.