1.5

Question 1

kin-based networks

Answer 1

families governed themselves

Question 2

chief

Answer 2

male head of a network, mediated conflicts and dealt with neighboring groups

Question 3

Hausa Kingdoms

Answer 3

an ethnic group formed of seven city-states each with their own specialty, loosely based on kinship ties. benefited from trans-Saharan trade. vulnerable to attack and Islam bc of no centralized government

Question 4

trans-Saharan trade

Answer 4

network of trade routes across the Sahara desert

Question 5

Ghana

Answer 5

between Sahara and tropical rain forests on West African coast. sold gold and ivory to Muslims for tools, copper and salt, had iron weapons

Question 6

Mali

Answer 6

rose after the fall of Ghana. Founding ruler was Muslim, had a thriving gold trade

Question 7

Zimbabwe

Answer 7

Constructed buildings (houses called “zimbabwes”) out of stone, most powerful of East African kingdoms, prospered because of gold trade in the Indian Ocean Trade, capital was Great Zimbabwe

Question 8

Indian Ocean Trade

Answer 8

trade over the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, Dar-al Islam, South Asia, and East Asia

Question 9

Swahili

Answer 9

blend of Bantu and Arabic developed by Indian Ocean Trade traders and the people of Zimbabwe in East Africa

Question 10

Great Zimbabwe

Answer 10

The capital city of Zimbabwe. Surrounded by a great wall that still stands today. Abandoned because overgrazing made the region no longer sustainable

Question 11

Ethiopia

Answer 11

christian nation in Africa. Built massive churches of rock, their faith included traditional practices like veneration of ancestors.

Question 12

Indian Ocean slave trade

Answer 12

strong demand for slaves in the Middle East resulted in a slave trade from Africa to there. Slaves were often prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals