3.1

Question 1

Gunpowder Empires

Answer 1

empires that used gunpowder to conquer and control territories. Included Russia and the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires.

Question 2

Gutenberg printing press

Answer 2

invented by the Europeans, allowed for expanded literacy and information

Question 3

Ivan IV

Answer 3

Also known as Ivan the Terrible. Crowned tsar and then took over Khanates east of Russia still held by the descendants of the Golden Hoard using gunpowder. Hired peasant warriors called Cossacks to fight the Siberian Khan to take control of the Volga River, which gave them access to more trade. Created the oprachina to fight the boyars, who he believed killed his mother and wife. Famously killed his own son.

Question 4

Ming Dynasty

Answer 4

The dynasty that overthrew the Mongol Yuan and stabilized China. Expanded until Ming Emporer was taken prisoner by Mongols. Expanded and rebuilt the Great Wall of China.

Question 5

Manchu

Answer 5

people who seized control of the Ming Dynasty and established the Qing Dynasty

Question 6

Qing Dynasty

Answer 6

Overthrew the Ming by the Manchu people. Saw Emporers Kangxi and Qianlong. Needed funds after some failed expansions and sold exclusive trading rights to Europe. Became corrupt at one point and raised taxes, and the White Lotus Rebellion tried to fight back but the government killed many in their rebellion.

Question 7

Emporer Kangxi

Answer 7

Chinese Emporer during the Qing Dynasty. Expanded, established Tibet as a protectorate which it still is today.

Question 8

Emporer Qianlong

Answer 8

Lost money on attempted invasions into Burma and Vietnam. Annexed Xinjiang, the land of the Uighurs, who never fully recovered or fully assimilated to Chinese culture.

Question 9

ghazi ideal

Answer 9

model Islamic warrior of gunpowder empires. blended the ideal of cooperative values from nomadic cultures with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam.

Question 10

Tamerlane

Answer 10

AKA Timer the Lame, he was a Mongol-Turkic ruler who claimed to be descended from Genghis Khan to gain control. From Samarkand, he conquered much of Central Asia violently using gunpowder. Allowed for Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires to arise. ENcouraged learning and literature and protected the Silk Roads, but had no effective government so it collapsed.

Question 11

Ottoman Empire

Answer 11

Lasted and was ruled by the Osman Dynasty for 600 years from the 1300s to its defeat in WW1. Islamic Empire that ruled from Turkey to Europe and parts of North Africa and Southwest Asia. COnquered Constantinople of the crumbling Byzantine Empire, changed its name to Istanbul, and made it the capital. Conquered and forced taxes from many places, including modern-day Egypt, Algeria, Israel, and Syria. Became an Islamic center of learning after the decline of the Mamluks. Tried to conquer Venice and failed several times but scared Europeans. Adhered to Sunni Islam, and fought with the Safavid Empire over this and trade routes. Eventually faced weak sultans and didn’t modernize its army so it fell to Europeans.

Question 12

Suleiman I

Answer 12

Great ruler of the Ottoman Empire, conquered Hungary and tried to get Venice. Took North African Tripoli and the island of Rhodes from Christian knights.

Question 13

Ismail

Answer 13

Started in Iran, conquered much of Persia and Iraq at 14, and became shah of the Safavid Empire

Question 14

shah

Answer 14

Safavid version of king or emperor

Question 15

Safavid Empire

Answer 15

Expanded by Ismail. Had no good navy or natural defenses, rose to power via land military and strong leadership. Pressed Christian boys into the military. Adhered to Shi’a Islam, and fought with the Ottoman Empire over this and trade routes. Wear rulers ruined the economy and internal rebellion made it weak to invasion and conquering by the Ottomans and Russians, leading to its demise.

Question 16

Shah Abbas I

Answer 16

Ruled the Safavid Empire at its height. Used Shi’a Islam as a uniting force, which led to conflicts with the Ottomans. He denied the legitimacy of Sunnis.

Question 17

Mughal Empire

Answer 17

Founded by Babur, a descendant of Tamerlane. Rich and well-governed, with thriving trade and amazing architecture. Operated under the caste system. Corruption, lack of military evolution, empty treasury, and inability to quell uprisings of peasants and oppressed minority religions led to its decline and conquering by the British.

Question 18

Akbar

Answer 18

Babur’s grandson and a ruler that the Mughul Empire thrived under.

Question 19

Castes

Answer 19

Indian system of organizing society with 4 varying levels and a fifth bottom level, the Dalits, or untouchables. Caste determined educational and vocational opportunities.