3.2

Question 1

divine right of kings

Answer 1

common Middle Ages claim by rulers that the right to rule was given to them by God. Made kings a political and religious authority

Question 2

justices of the peace

Answer 2

officials selected by the gentry to maintain peace, settle legal matters, and carry out laws. they gained more power under the Tudors and became one of the most powerful groups in Europe

Question 3

English Bill of Rights

Answer 3

Created by parliament to check Monarchy powers and assure individual liberties

Question 4

absolute

Answer 4

directed by one source of power with complete authority

Question 5

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 5

Minister to Louis XIII, helped centralize French government more through the system of intendants

Question 6

intendants

Answer 6

royal bureaucrats who were sent out to provinces to execute the will of the governmental leaders. often tax farmers

Question 7

tax farmers/tax farming

Answer 7

oversaw the collection of taxes in a specific province for a government, frequently paid for the right, and then collected excess taxes to keep the excess. This level of overtaxing would eventually typically lead to economic decline. Took place in many empires including France and China.

Question 8

Louis XIV

Answer 8

the “Sun King,” he aimed to concentrate absolute power on himself and to expand French borders. Kept his nobles close to I’m to prevent overthrow. Eventually, his refusal to share power weakened France.

Question 9

Versailles

Answer 9

Enormous palace in France used to communicate power by French rulers and condense power to keep nobles from gathering places the king couldn’t see

Question 10

boyars

Answer 10

noble landowning class in Russia, top of the social pyramid

Question 11

serfdom

Answer 11

a peasant tied to a plot of land. Happened frequently to poor Russian peasents, controlled by whoever owned the land but bound to the land.

Question 12

Ivan IV

Answer 12

Russian ruler who crushed boyars that opposed him, centralized power, and built a loyal military unit called the oprichnina that would be a model for the future Russian secret police

Question 13

Romanov Dynasty

Answer 13

took control of Russia after Ivan IV’s death.

Question 14

Peter I

Answer 14

Also known as Peter the Great, he consolidated power by putting his sister Sophia, who contended for the throne, in a convent. He defended the Church until he lost favor with them over reforms. He also created provinces within Russia and a senate to rule while he was away

Question 15

devshirme

Answer 15

Ottoman system of enslaving young Christian boys and training them to become fiercely loyal Muslim administrators, scribes, tax collectors, diplomats, and Janissaries. This was a path of upward mobility some parents gave their sons to

Question 16

Janissaries

Answer 16

elite extremely loyal Ottoman soldiers created through the devshirme system, some became bodyguards

Question 17

daimyo

Answer 17

Japanese landholding aristocrats who had powerful personal loyal armies of samurai. They aimed to gain more territory for their fiefdoms to rule. The conflict between them left Japan in disarray

Question 18

Edo

Answer 18

Japanese city controlled by daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu that through multiple fights/shifts of power became the center of power in Japan (modern-day Tokyo)

Question 19

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Answer 19

Daimyo with control over Edo, became the shogun of Japan. His successors would rule Japan for a long time

Question 20

Period of Great Peace

Answer 20

Japanese era under the Tokugawa shogunate, ruled by Tokugawa Ieyasu and his successors

Question 21

Tokugawa shogunate

Answer 21

centralized the power of Japan and tightened the feudal system. Dimyos were required to have a residence in the city and in their han (territory) and their family had to stay in the city of the daimyo went to their han, maintaining shogun control over the daimyos.

Question 22

Akbar

Answer 22

Powerful and effective Mughal ruler who defeated Hindu armies and extended the empire. Established his capital in Delhi and made an efficient government and fair laws. Developed the zamindars.

Question 23

zamindars

Answer 23

Paid Mughal government officials in charge of taxation, construction, and water supply. They eventually kept more taxes than they should have and used them to affect the Mughal power balance

Question 24

Delhi

Answer 24

Mughal capital established by Abkar

Question 25

Askia the Great

Answer 25

Ruler of Songhai in West Africa who made Islam Songhai’s official religion to spread it and unite the empire and legitimize his rule.

Question 26

Taj Mahal

Answer 26

Amazing architectural accomplishment in Mughal India built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife and to show his power

Question 27

Shah Jahan

Answer 27

Mughal Shah in India who built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife and to legitimize his rule

Question 28

tributes

Answer 28

Things empires collected from other states, usually in the form of money, as a recognition of power, authority, respect, submission, and allegiance