6.2 Flashcards
State Expansion
quinine
a medicine that treats tropical diseases like malaria and reduced the risk of living in tropical areas
Suez Canal
A project to create a 100-mile canal in Egypt from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It was overseen by the french, executed by Egyptian corvee laborers, and taken over by the British.
corvee laborers
unpaid Egyptian workers forced to work as a form of tax
Sierra Leone
This was an African country established by the British Empire to be a home for freed slaves.
Gold Coast
Area of Ghana the British Empire gained control of before gaining the rest of Ghana from the Asante Empire
settler colony
colony of different settlers, typically European.
“Scramble for Africa”
Europeans competing for natural resources, land, and labor in Africa
Berlin Conference
European conference run by Otto van Bismark of Germany to peacefully divide up Africa between European powers. These divisions did not take into account African opinions, leaving some new “countries” or territories splitting up existing states or pushing rival states into the same territory
Cape Colony
colony on the southern tip of Africa previously owned by the Dutch but overtaken by the British
Afrikaners
descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers pushed out of Cape Colony by the British
Boer Wars
Wars between the British and Afrikaners that resulted in the Afrikaners and native Africans losing and being put into refugee camps known as concentration camps
concentration camps
camps often segregated by race with poor sanitation and conditions and little food. Many died
King Leopold II
King of Belgium who invaded and personally owned Congo, calling it the Congo Free State. He was brutal and the conditions in Congo were terrible as they harvested ivory and rubber for money, cutting off the hands of workers and working people to death and holding spouses captive to keep people from running. Basically slavery. Conditions were so terrible Belgium’s government took his land, and conditions then improved. He was responsible for the deaths of roughly 8 million people.
Congo Free State
Congo under King Leopold II. the conditions were terrible as they harvested ivory and rubber for money, cutting off the hands of workers and working people to death and holding spouses captive to keep people from running. Basically slavery. Conditions were so terrible Belgium’s government took his land, and conditions then improved.
Abyssinia
Christian African country and modern-day Ethiopia that remained unconquered for their entire history
Liberia
African country of freed American slaves with a dependent relationship on the US
Seven Years War
Britain vs. France war that the British won, driving the French out of India.
East India Company (EIC)
British trading company that took land from the Mughal Empire and controlled much of the Indian subcontinent. They recruited Indian soldiers called sepoys when there were not enough British soldiers to protect the firm employees, which led to a small and unsuccessful rebellion.
Ceylon
Modern-day Sri Lanka, controlled by the EIC
spheres of influence
areas of China that while still under Chinese control, had exclusive trading rights or access to natural resources of specific European countries
Taiping Rebellion
Peasants, workers, and miners in China attempted and failed to overthrow the Qing Dynasty
Cixi
Dowager Empress of the Qing Dynasty who encouraged the Boxer Rebellion and caused much of the downfall of China
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese “boxers” who practiced the art of Chinese boxing attacked Christian Chinese people and foreigners at the encouragement of Dowager Empress Cixi. They killed very few foreigners and were generally embarrassingly unsuccessful
Colonization Society
branch of government or group of people that organizes colonization measures
