4.7

Question 1

timar

Answer 1

System used by the Ottoman sultan to grant land and tax revenue to people he liked to maintain loyalty

Question 2

Mehmed II

Answer 2

Ottoman sultan who smartly invited the Jews into Istanbul, many became physicians or diplomats and they brought the printing press and their money with them.

Question 3

Akbar the Great

Answer 3

Mughal emporer who used religious tolerance to hold his fractured empire together. Ended the jizya, gave money and land to Hindus and Muslims, and built Catholic churches.

Question 4

harem

Answer 4

forbidden sleepover. a residence where the wives and concubines of powerful men lived.

Question 5

Roxelana

Answer 5

European woman kidnapped by the Ottoman Empire and forced to convert to Islam and enter Sulieman’s harem. He married her and she gained a lot of power, highly unusual.

Question 6

Barbary pirates

Answer 6

Ottoman pirates who pillaged the Barbary coast of Africa and captured Europeans in the Mediterranean and then sold them into slavery to high-ranking Ottoman officials.

Question 7

impressed

Answer 7

to be forced into military service, typically the navy

Question 8

Manchu

Answer 8

People from Manchuria who started the Qing Dynasty

Question 9

Qing Dynasty

Answer 9

Started when the Manchu people took over China. They ruled as a minority over an ethnically Han majority and tried to make their culture dominant. The Manchu forced all men to wear their hair in Manchu queues, punishable by death, which was considered humiliating to the Han. They used Han Chinese defectors to massacre Han people.

Question 10

queues

Answer 10

braided hairstyle for men of the Manchus

Question 11

Li Chengdong

Answer 11

Han Chinese defector who became a Manchu general for the Qing Dynasty and massacred Hans in the city of Jaiding for the Qing Dynasty.

Question 12

Liu Liangzou

Answer 12

Han Chinese defector who became who massacred Hans in the entire city of Jiangyin for the Qing Dynasty.

Question 13

nobility

Answer 13

wealthy landowners who were a minority and passed titles through inheritance to maintain power.

Question 14

Louis XIV

Answer 14

the Sun King, famous for saying “I am the state,” took power from the nobles and the common people to consolidate it to himself.

Question 15

Sephardic Jews

Answer 15

Jews who trace their heritage back to Spain

Question 16

Ashkenazi Jews

Answer 16

Jews who trace their heritage back to Central and Eastern Europe

Question 17

boyars

Answer 17

Russian nobles, top of the Russian social pyramid

Question 18

serf

Answer 18

the lowest class of peasants, tied to the land. basically enslaved

Question 19

Ivan IV

Answer 19

also known as “Ivan the Terrible.” He killed his own son and distrusted the boyars, so he confiscated their land and forced them to move to Moscow where he could watch them.

Question 20

peninsulares

Answer 20

highest level of the Latin American social pyramid, people who were born on the Iberian peninsula

Question 21

criollos

Answer 21

second level of the Latin American social pyramid, those with European ancestry who were born in the Americas

Question 22

castas

Answer 22

third level of the Latin American social pyramid, those with mixed ancestry

Question 23

mestizos

Answer 23

top level of the third level (castas) of the Latin American social pyramid, those of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry

Question 24

mulattoes

Answer 24

second level of the third level (castas) of the Latin American social pyramid, those of mixed European and African ancestry

Question 25

zambos

Answer 25

second level of the third level (castas) of the Latin American social pyramid, those of mixed Indigenous and African ancestry