5.3

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

A dramatic change in technologies and production that led to rapid social and economic changes

Question 2

Industrialization

Answer 2

the increased mechanization of production

Question 3

crop rotation

Answer 3

rotating crops in and out of fields each year to increase soil health

Question 4

seed drill

Answer 4

device that directly plants seeds where they are meant to go in the ground

Question 5

agricultural revolution

Answer 5

increase in agricultural technologies that allowed for increased food production

Question 6

cottage industry

Answer 6

merchants provided raw Indian cotton to British women, who then spun it in their own homes to make it into cloth

Question 7

spinning jenny

Answer 7

invented by James Hargreaves, it allowed the weaver to spin more than one thread at a time.

Question 8

water frame

Answer 8

patented by Richard Arkwright, it used water power to drive a spinning wheel. Basically ended the cottage industry

Question 9

James Hargreaves

Answer 9

inventor of the spinning jenny

Question 10

Richard Arkwright

Answer 10

Patented the water frame which was so efficient it ended the cortege system and moved textile production to factories. He is considered the father of the factory system

Question 11

Factory system

Answer 11

textiles and goods being produced in factories rather than by hand.

Question 12

Eli Whitney

Answer 12

developed the idea of interchangeable parts. Originally for firearms, this moved the whole revolution forward and was pivotal to manufacturing. It also allowed for unskilled labor.

Question 13

interchangeable parts

Answer 13

invented by Eli Whitney for firearms, this allowed for any broken parts to be replaced with new, identical parts.

Question 14

division of labor

Answer 14

each worker could focus on one type of task because of interchangeable parts

Question 15

specialization of labor

Answer 15

each worker could focus on one type of task because of interchangeable parts

Question 16

assembly line

Answer 16

developed by Henry Ford to expand on the specialization of labor to produce his Model T automobiles

Question 17

seaways

Answer 17

bodies of water that allow for trade and the transport of goods and materials

Question 18

raw materials

Answer 18

the materials needed to make finished goods

Question 19

capital

Answer 19

excess money available to invest in businesses

Question 20

enclosure movement

Answer 20

The government had previously had “the commons,” which was land all farmers could freely tend to. With industrialization, they closed the commons in this movement and only allowed those who paid to tend the land. This forced many farmers to move from rural to urban areas.

Question 21

Manchester

Answer 21

urban British city many farmers moved to during the Industrial Revolution after the enclosure movement to find work

Question 22

Liverpool

Answer 22

urban British city many farmers moved to during the Industrial Revolution after the enclosure movement to find work