4.4 Flashcards
Maritime Empires Link Regions
indentured servitude
contractual labor in exchange for passage across the Atlantic Ocean
chattel slavery
individuals are considered property and can be bought and sold
Asante Empire
African state that grew because of maritime trading networks with Europeans
Kingdom of the Kongo
African state that grew because of maritime trading networks with Europeans
Ming Dynasty
Chinse dynasty that severely limited trade and outside influences to “undo” the effects of foreign Mongol rule in the previous Yuan Dynasty
Aztec Empire
Mesoamerican empire that was decimated by European disease and then conquered Hernan Cortes. They melted down and stole Aztec gold and established New Spain in place of their Empire and New Mexico in place of the old Aztec capital.
Inca Empire
Decimated by European diseases and then conquered by Francisco Pizzaro. Most of their gold was stolen and their ruler, Atahualpa, was killed.
New Spain
Established by the Spanish by Cortes in place of the conquered Aztec Empire. The capital was Mexico City.
Mexico City
Capital of New Spain established on the old Aztec capital after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs and established New Spain
Francisco Pizzaro
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire
Atahualpa
Inca ruler who was captured when Pizzaro conquered the Inca Empire and later killed
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and Portugal divided South America between them based on a meridian. Portugal got Brazil and Spain got everything else.
Hispaniola
Name Christopher Columbus gave to modern-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
coercive labor system
system of labor or slavery based on coercion
encomienda
system in which the Spanish coerced natives into what was essentially brutal indentured servitude to find gold. In return, they got shelter and food.
Encomendaros
Landowners and users of the encomienda system. Their goal was to get gold.
conquistadores
Men who were granted land by the Spanish crown as a reward.
hacienda system
System in which Spanish landowners developed agriculture on their land (wheat, sugar, fruit, etc) and used coerced labor to farm.
silver
found in Mexico and revived Spanish fortunes. mercury was used to separate it from its ore
mit’a system
previously an Inca labor tax system, became a system of coerced labor under the Spanish to gain silver. Each native population was required to send young men to work extremely dangerous jobs in silver mines.
mercantilism
economic system in which a government controls the economy of a state via high tariffs, colonies, and exporting more than they import.
colonies
claimed lands settled by immigrants from a mother state
Middle passage
slaves were crammed into ships with little food, water, or room to move for the six-week journey across the Atlantic. Many died; called the middle passage because it was the middle part of their journey.
