4.4

Question 1

indentured servitude

Answer 1

contractual labor in exchange for passage across the Atlantic Ocean

Question 2

chattel slavery

Answer 2

individuals are considered property and can be bought and sold

Question 3

Asante Empire

Answer 3

African state that grew because of maritime trading networks with Europeans

Question 4

Kingdom of the Kongo

Answer 4

African state that grew because of maritime trading networks with Europeans

Question 5

Ming Dynasty

Answer 5

Chinse dynasty that severely limited trade and outside influences to “undo” the effects of foreign Mongol rule in the previous Yuan Dynasty

Question 6

Aztec Empire

Answer 6

Mesoamerican empire that was decimated by European disease and then conquered Hernan Cortes. They melted down and stole Aztec gold and established New Spain in place of their Empire and New Mexico in place of the old Aztec capital.

Question 7

Inca Empire

Answer 7

Decimated by European diseases and then conquered by Francisco Pizzaro. Most of their gold was stolen and their ruler, Atahualpa, was killed.

Question 8

New Spain

Answer 8

Established by the Spanish by Cortes in place of the conquered Aztec Empire. The capital was Mexico City.

Question 9

Mexico City

Answer 9

Capital of New Spain established on the old Aztec capital after the Spanish conquered the Aztecs and established New Spain

Question 10

Francisco Pizzaro

Answer 10

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire

Question 11

Atahualpa

Answer 11

Inca ruler who was captured when Pizzaro conquered the Inca Empire and later killed

Question 12

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 12

Spain and Portugal divided South America between them based on a meridian. Portugal got Brazil and Spain got everything else.

Question 13

Hispaniola

Answer 13

Name Christopher Columbus gave to modern-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Question 14

coercive labor system

Answer 14

system of labor or slavery based on coercion

Question 15

encomienda

Answer 15

system in which the Spanish coerced natives into what was essentially brutal indentured servitude to find gold. In return, they got shelter and food.

Question 16

Encomendaros

Answer 16

Landowners and users of the encomienda system. Their goal was to get gold.

Question 17

conquistadores

Answer 17

Men who were granted land by the Spanish crown as a reward.

Question 18

hacienda system

Answer 18

System in which Spanish landowners developed agriculture on their land (wheat, sugar, fruit, etc) and used coerced labor to farm.

Question 19

silver

Answer 19

found in Mexico and revived Spanish fortunes. mercury was used to separate it from its ore

Question 20

mit’a system

Answer 20

previously an Inca labor tax system, became a system of coerced labor under the Spanish to gain silver. Each native population was required to send young men to work extremely dangerous jobs in silver mines.

Question 21

mercantilism

Answer 21

economic system in which a government controls the economy of a state via high tariffs, colonies, and exporting more than they import.

Question 22

colonies

Answer 22

claimed lands settled by immigrants from a mother state

Question 23

Middle passage

Answer 23

slaves were crammed into ships with little food, water, or room to move for the six-week journey across the Atlantic. Many died; called the middle passage because it was the middle part of their journey.