1.1 Flashcards
developments in east asia
Song Dynasty
Period of diversity, innovation, and manufacturing (coal, steel) in Asia. Made first guns, population increases. Confucianism and Buddhism spread like wildfire, which was their dynasty’s biggest effect. Spent too much money on gov
imperial bureaucracy
appointed officials carry out the emperor’s commands
meritocracy
officials obtain their position based on merit (ex. knowledge of Confucianism on civil service exam)
The Grand Canal
long canal allowing for inexpensive, efficient, lucrative and prosperous trade in China
Champa rice
quick-growing easy-surviving strain of rice that allowed farmers to grow it anywhere anytime, increasing food production
proto-industrialization
the industrialization of local or home production, often resulting in surplus
artisans
skilled craftworkers
four biggest inventions by China:
paper, printmaking, compass, gunpowder
social gentry
bureaucratic expansion led to a new and influential class of gentry educated in philosophy and Confucianism
foot binding
crippling a woman’s foot. symbol of wealth and social status, desirable by piggish men, inhibited their ability to move and thus to be in the social sphere
woodblock printing
used blocks carved with letters or other things to stamp onto paper as a method of printing
Buddhism
spread to China from India via Silk Roads. Four Noble Truths, which claim removing ambitions and wants is the key to ending suffering. The Eight-Fold Path of precepts leads to enlightenment/nirvana. Belief in dharma, or “the way.” Monks lived in monasteries
Theravada Buddhism
focus on spiritual growth, meditation, and self-discipline
Mahayana Buddhism
focus on spiritual growth for all and service
Tibetan Buddhism
focus on chanting
syncretic
fusion of beliefs
Chan (Zen) Buddhism
mix of Daoism and Buddhism. Buddhism that believed direct experience (ex. meditation) was better than formal learning. Grew in popularity among citizens, gov officials were mad bc it wasn’t a Chinese religion
filial piety
the duty of family to submit to the head of the family and subordinates to their ruler. based in Confucianism ideals
Neo-Confucianism
combined abstract ideals of Daoism and Buddhism with the rational thought of Confucianism. Emphasized ethics over nature and God mysteries
Heian period
period of Japan’s history in which Japan emulated Chinese culture and traditions in politics, art, and literature
nuclear families
just parents and children, no extended family in the house. Vietnam tradition, not Chinese
polygyny
the practice of a man having more than one wife at the same time
