1.2 Flashcards
Dar al-Islam
Muhammad
Founder of the Islam faith, believed to be the most important prophet. Islam spread after his death. Was a merchant, thus raised the status of merchants. Also raised the status of women (dowries paid to wife, not her father).
House of Wisdom
Islamic center of learning in Baghdad Abbasid Empire (dynasty of the Middle East). Destroyed by the Mongols.
Mamluks
Enslaved ethnic Turks who were bought by the Abbasid Empire to serve as soldiers and bureaucrats.
Mamaluk Sultanate
The Mamluks seized control of Egypt and prospered there by facilitating trade between the Middle East and Europe. Declined when Europeans opened sea trade routes.
Seljuk Turks
Came from Central Asia and conquered much of the Middle East. Muslims. Conquered the Abbasid Empire, reducing their leader to a religious leader.
Sultan
What the leader of the Seljuk Turks called himself.
Crusaders
European Christian groups of soldiers fighting The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) over holy sites to “reclaim” them. The Abbasids allowed them free access to holy sites, but the Seljuk Turks did not.
Mongols
Took over the remaining Abbasid Empire and the Sultuk Turks. Came from Central Asia. Largest Empire in history.
Baghdad
Was a great city and center of trade in the Middle East with the House of Wisdom in it. Trade routes shifted further north and it fell into decay.
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Empire ruled by the Arabs and Persians. Fragmented into smaller Islamic states heavily shaped by the Turkish people. Still formed a strong cultural region
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
celebrated Islamic scholar. Laid foundations for trigonometry, astronomy, and medicine, among other things.
A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah
female Muslim writer and poet famous for her poems in Munahmmed.
Sufis
valued introspection over learning to grasp truths, unlike the Muslims. Helped to spread Islam.
