The Ascitic Dog Cases Flashcards
What can cause muffled heart sounds? (4)
•Pleural Effusion
–Transudate
–Exudate
–Haemothorax
–Chylothorax
•Pericardial Effusion
–Idiopathic
–Neoplasia
–Traumatic
–Hypoproteinaemia
- Obesity
- Neoplasia
What can cause Poor Peripheral Pulses? (4)
•Cardiac Output failure
–Acquired heart disease
•DCM, pericardial effusion, long standing CVD
–Congenital heart disease
- SAS,
- Hypovolaemia
- Shock
- Obesity
What can cause ascites? (10)
- Right sided CHF
- Hepatic Failure
- Trauma/haemoabdomen
- Neoplasia
- Hypoproteinaemia
–renal, hepatic, GIT
- Inflammatory – Infectious
- Chemical / drug peritonitis
- Portal hypertension
- Chyloabdomen
- Hepatic vein thrombosis / vascular anomaly
What causes right sided failure alone? (3)
–Pericardial effusion
–DCM – esp ARVC
–Congenital diseases - pulmonic stenosis/tricuspid dysplasia
What are other causes of right sided CHF? (5)
- Chronic pulmonary disease – cor pulmonale
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Chronic degenerative valve disease
- Restrictive pericarditis
- Infective pericarditis
What would you investigate for lethargy and weakness? (4)
- Cardiovascular / Pulmonary Disease
- Neuromuscular / Orthopaedic disease
- Metabolic / Systemic disease
- Malnutrition / Cachexia
What causes distended jugular veins? (4)
- Right sided CHF
- Cranial thoracic mass
- Caval Syndrome
- Heartworm infection (unlikely)
How do you investigate heart problems? (5)
- ECG
- Routine Haematology / Biochemistry
- Echocardiography
- Blood pressure
- Thoracic radiographs (as the dog is stable)
What are the differentials for PE? (8)
- Idiopathic pericardial effusion
- Neoplasia
–Haemangiosarcoma, chemodectoma, mesothelioma, ectopic thyroid carcinoma
–Secondary metastasis
- Coagulopathy
- Left atrial rupture
- Hypoproteinaemia
- Trauma
- Pericardial cysts
- Infective pericarditis
How can you treat preicardial effusion?
- Pericardiocentesis
- Supportive care
–Oxygen
–Analgesia
–Fluid therapy
–NOT DIURETICS
What does pericardial effusion look like and how do you investigate it?
•800ml port wine coloured fluid
–(non-clotting)
- EDTA fluid
- Buffy coat smear
