Feline Ophthalmology Flashcards
What are the signs of conjunctivitis?
- ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperaemia, uncomfortable not painful condition. Pupil normal
- Younger cats, sneezing, rhinitis
Name some causes of conjunctivitis
- Cat flu : FHV (Herpes can become recurrent), calici virus (mild eye signs – conjunctivitis),
- Other causes and ability to cause conjunctivitis: Chlamydia, mycoplasma
Chlamydia Felis:
A) What is it a tropism for?
B) How do you diagnose?
C) How can you treat?
D) What is the non specific change?
A) Conjunctiva
B) PCR
C) Topical antibiotics, oral doxycycline
D) Follicular conjunctivitis
What can be seen?
Lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis
Discuss
Haws Syndrome
- old fashion name o third eyelid
Unwell cat but presents being weird looks and third eyelid being prominent
Hx- low level lethargy or d++
Thought to be associated with viral infection
Name 2 corneal conditions (3)
- Herpes keratitis
- Proliferative/eosinophilic keratitis
- Corneal sequestrum
A) What causes herpes keratitis?
B) What does it cause?
C) How can we dignose?
D) How do you treat?
A) Reactivation of herpes 1 reaactivation
B)
•Pathognomonic dendritic ulcers
–Corneal ulcer which looks jagged and not traumatic
•KCS, entropion, symblepharon and occluded puncta
C) Virus isolation/PCR
D) •trifluorothymidine, famcyclovir(oral), gancyclovir, interferon, oral lysine
What is this?
Herpes keratitis
How does eosinophilic (proliferative) keratitis present? and how do you treat?
- Diffuse corneal oedema, vascularisation & plaques
- Usually unilateral initially, often dorsolateral quadrant
- Plaques, bizarre, whitish colour resembling cottage cheese deposit
- Granulomatous inflammation on exfoliative cytology with eosinophils
–Not fully understood, might be initiated by herpes
–Could be associated with immune
–Eosinophilic granuloma complsex
•Usually responds to corticosteroids or cyclosporine
What is this?
Corneal Necrosis
What is seen with corneal necrosis (sequestrum)
- Pigmented area
- Ill-defined tea stains of corneal stroma to clearly demarcated black plaques
- Variable amount of neovascularisation
- Ulceration associates with pain
What is this histopathology of?
Necrotic superficial cornea
What should you NOT do with corneal ulcers in cats?
Use gridding
Name a primary neoplasia of cats (2)
–Diffuse iris melanoma
–Ciliary body adenocarcinoma
Name a secondary neoplasia of cats (2)
–FeLV, lymphoma/lymphosarcoma
–metastases
What can be seen?
Diffuse iris melanoma (D.I.M) – uveal tumour
Generally pigmented
Scattered pattern
Discuss this
Iris Melanosis cf D.I.M.
May or may not be!!
Iris starts to look thickened when you suspect tumour too
Melanosis – no neoplastic cells present
Specialistts tend to biopsy but some just wait for signs
What has this cat got?
Cataracts
Name a protozoal cause of cataract
Encephalitozoon (E) cuniculi
Name a traumatic cause of cataracts
•Post traumatic ocular sarcoma
–Severe blunt trauma
Discuss
Neoplasia
Ocular iris signs as presenting for lymphoma
Look nodular
A) What is the onset of chronic anterior uveitis?
B) What is seen?
C) What is the cause?
A) Insidious
B) Iris hyperaemia, iris nodules, keratitic preciptates (KPs)
C) Endogenous
What are the 4 ideal things we would test for with eye problems? (if money wasn’t a problem)
- FeLV
- FIV
- FIP
- Toxoplasmosis gondii (protozoa)
What is ths cause?
Toxoplasmosis
Discuss this
- Keratic precipitates
- “frogspawn”
- Inflammatory products – WBA, plasma and lympho which have adhered to cornea
- FIV +ve
In the ideal world what would we do if a dodgy eye came in?
- Ophthalmic exam
- Blood profile
- FeLV/FIV testing
- Serology
- PCR
- Radiography
- Ultrasound
- Cytology/histopathology
- Specialised referral
What is this?
Normal feline retina
What is the issue here?
Taurine deficiency
- Retinal degeneration
- Band-shaped lesion dorsal to optic disc
- Progressing to generalised degeneration and blindness
- Taurine levels in commercial cat food
What is going on?
Choroidal Metastases
Reasons to always look in eye
Patchy dark hazy areas
Metastatic spread from pulmonary carcinoma
High mortality
What is the issue?
Retinal detachment due to hypertension
What is going on here?
Retinal haemhorrage
What are causes of hypertension?
- Renal disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Conn’s syndrome
–Adrenal gland tumour
- Diabetes mellitus
- Essential hypertension
