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Small Animal Final Year > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta lactams:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bactericidal

B) Time dependant

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2
Q

How many times a day would you give a concenetration dependant antibiotic?

A

Once a day

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3
Q

How many times a day would you give a time dependant antibiotic?

A

More than once a day

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bactericidal

B) Concentration dependant

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5
Q

Tetracyclines:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bacteriostatic

B) Time-depedent

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6
Q

Fluoroquinolones:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Bactericidal

B) Concentration depedent

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7
Q

Sulphonamides:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Alone = static

Potentiated = cidal

B) Time

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8
Q

Diaminopyrimidines:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Static

B) Time

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9
Q

Metronidazole:

A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

B) Time or concentration dependant?

A

A) Cidal

B) Concentration

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10
Q

Are lincosamides Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacterostatic but cidal at higher concentrations

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11
Q

Are macrolides Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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12
Q

Are amphenicols Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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13
Q

Are rifamycins Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of beta lactams?

A

Interfere with cell wall synthesis

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15
Q

Name 2 examples of beta lactams (4)

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Amoxicillin-cluvulanate
  • Vancomycin (for MRSA)
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16
Q

What type of antibiotics are those that affect cell wall synthesis?

A

Bacteriocidal

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of aminoglycosides?

A

Affect both subunits (50s and 30s) of protein synthesis

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18
Q

Name 3 examples of aminoglycosides (7)

A
  • Amikacin
  • Gentamycin
  • Tobramycin
  • Neomycin
  • Streptomycin
  • Kanamycin
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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of: amphenicols, macrolides and lincosamides?

A

Interfere with protein synthesis (50s)

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20
Q

Name an example of an amphenicol (2)

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Florfenicol
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21
Q

Name an example of a macrolifde (2)

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Azythromycin
22
Q

Name an example of lincosamide (3)

A
  • Lincomycin
  • Clindamycin
  • Pirlimycin
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of: sulphonamide, dyaminopyrimidine and tetracycline?

A

Interfere with protein synthesis (30s)

24
Q

Name the 2 antibiotic classes interfering with DNA synthesis

A
  • Fluoroquinolones (Inhibit DNA gyrase)
  • Metronidazole (free radicals disruption of bacterial DNA)
25
Q

Which antibiotic class interferes with RNA synthesis?

A

•Rifamycin (Inhibit DNA dependent RNA synthesis)

26
Q

Name the 2 antibiotic classes which interfere with cell membrane synthesis

A

Polymyxin

•Polymyxin B (Bacillus polymixa)

Bacitracin

27
Q

What type of antibiotics are those that interfere with the cell membrane?

A

Bacteriocidal

28
Q

Name 4 bacterias potentially involved (5)

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Enterobacteriacae
  • Anaerobes
  • Pseudomonas
29
Q

Would you give antibiotics? Why?

Note: This horse had 3 synovial structures of each leg. Carpi fragments on radiographs

A

Yes as the synovial structures are involved

30
Q

Do we give antibiotics? Why? If so, how/what?

A
  • Yes
  • Wound from the field
  • Proximal interpharyngeal joint
  • Give AB IV as we want it to work right now
  • Oxytetracycline – easy to give in vein but not broad spectrum and we need this
  • Gentamycin in the vein and Penicillin I/M
  • Regional inperfusion – sedate horse, place tourniquet to occlude venous return, inject AB distally to tourniquet in vein.
31
Q

What is the most likely bacteria in a dog open fracture?

A

Staphylococcus

32
Q

Do we give antibiotics for an open fracture?

A

Yes

33
Q

When would we give antibiotics to a sole ulcer?

A

If there is an underlying cause and it persists after draining

34
Q

What is this?

A

Septic arthiritis in the interpharyngeal joint

35
Q

What are the potential bacteria involved?

A
  • Trueperella pyogenes
  • Enterobacteriacae (Gram -)
  • Escherichia coli
  • Shigella
  • Klebsiella
  • Salmonella
  • Yersinia
  • Citrobacter
  • Serratia
  • Proteus
  • Staphylococcus
36
Q

What do you do with a spetic arthiritis of interpharyngeal joint?

A

Digit amputation

37
Q

Can we give bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal antibiotics at the same time?

A

NO

38
Q

Name side effects of penicillin (4)

A

•Anaphylaxis, Cardiac arrhythmias, transient hypotension, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

39
Q

Name side effects of aminoglycosides (3)

A

•Nephrotoxic, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxic

40
Q

Name side effects of Metronidazole (2)

A

•Inappetence/Anorexia, Enterocolitis

41
Q

Name side effects of Tetracyclines (4)

A

•Nephrotoxic, gastric ulceration (doxycycline), erupting teeth and urine discoloration

42
Q

Name side effects of Chloramphenicol (1)

A

•Reversible aplastic anemia (human)

43
Q

Name side effects of Fluoroquinolone (1)

A

Oral ulceration

44
Q

Name side effects of TMPS (1)

A

Enterocolitis

45
Q

Name the 4 contra-indications of TMPS

A
  • Pus (natural source of PABA)
  • TMPS try and inhibit the acid of bacteria by inhbiting PABA
  • Gestation (especially 1st trimester)
  • Block acid folic acid which is needed in pregnancy
  • Bioavailability decreased by feed
  • NOT WITH IV ALPHA 2 (Sudden death) – unknown why
46
Q

What is the contra indication of fluoroquinolones?

A

•< 3 yo (cartilage disorder)

47
Q

What is the contra indication of tetracycline administration? Why?

A

•NEVER GIVE TETRACYLINE INTO THE MUSCLE = NECROSIS

48
Q

Name 3 antibiotics concentrated in the urine (5)

A

Fluoroquinolones

Aminoglycosides

Beta-lactams

Vancomycin

Sulfonamides/potentiated sulfonamides

49
Q

Name 3 antibiotics concentrated in leucocytes (4)

A

Clindamycin

Erythromycin

Fluoroquinolones

Rifampin

50
Q

NAme 4 antibiotics of choice in the CNS (6)

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Doxycyline/minocycline
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Metronidazole
  • Rifampin
  • Sulfonamides/trimethoprim
51
Q

Name 2 antibtiotics to use when there in inflammation in the CNS (3)

A
  • Penicillins
  • Some cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime)
  • Vancomycin

Small Animal Final Year (317 decks)

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