Antibiotics Flashcards
Beta lactams:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Bactericidal
B) Time dependant
How many times a day would you give a concenetration dependant antibiotic?
Once a day
How many times a day would you give a time dependant antibiotic?
More than once a day
Aminoglycosides:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Bactericidal
B) Concentration dependant
Tetracyclines:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Bacteriostatic
B) Time-depedent
Fluoroquinolones:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Bactericidal
B) Concentration depedent
Sulphonamides:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Alone = static
Potentiated = cidal
B) Time
Diaminopyrimidines:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Static
B) Time
Metronidazole:
A) Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
B) Time or concentration dependant?
A) Cidal
B) Concentration
Are lincosamides Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
Bacterostatic but cidal at higher concentrations
Are macrolides Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
Bacteriostatic
Are amphenicols Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
Bacteriostatic
Are rifamycins Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
What is the mechanism of beta lactams?
Interfere with cell wall synthesis
Name 2 examples of beta lactams (4)
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Amoxicillin-cluvulanate
- Vancomycin (for MRSA)
What type of antibiotics are those that affect cell wall synthesis?
Bacteriocidal
What is the mechanism of aminoglycosides?
Affect both subunits (50s and 30s) of protein synthesis
Name 3 examples of aminoglycosides (7)
- Amikacin
- Gentamycin
- Tobramycin
- Neomycin
- Streptomycin
- Kanamycin
What is the mechanism of action of: amphenicols, macrolides and lincosamides?
Interfere with protein synthesis (50s)
Name an example of an amphenicol (2)
- Chloramphenicol
- Florfenicol
Name an example of a macrolifde (2)
- Erythromycin
- Azythromycin
Name an example of lincosamide (3)
- Lincomycin
- Clindamycin
- Pirlimycin
What is the mechanism of action of: sulphonamide, dyaminopyrimidine and tetracycline?
Interfere with protein synthesis (30s)
Name the 2 antibiotic classes interfering with DNA synthesis
- Fluoroquinolones (Inhibit DNA gyrase)
- Metronidazole (free radicals disruption of bacterial DNA)
Which antibiotic class interferes with RNA synthesis?
•Rifamycin (Inhibit DNA dependent RNA synthesis)
Name the 2 antibiotic classes which interfere with cell membrane synthesis
Polymyxin
•Polymyxin B (Bacillus polymixa)
Bacitracin
What type of antibiotics are those that interfere with the cell membrane?
Bacteriocidal
Name 4 bacterias potentially involved (5)
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Enterobacteriacae
- Anaerobes
- Pseudomonas
Would you give antibiotics? Why?
Note: This horse had 3 synovial structures of each leg. Carpi fragments on radiographs
Yes as the synovial structures are involved
Do we give antibiotics? Why? If so, how/what?
- Yes
- Wound from the field
- Proximal interpharyngeal joint
- Give AB IV as we want it to work right now
- Oxytetracycline – easy to give in vein but not broad spectrum and we need this
- Gentamycin in the vein and Penicillin I/M
- Regional inperfusion – sedate horse, place tourniquet to occlude venous return, inject AB distally to tourniquet in vein.
What is the most likely bacteria in a dog open fracture?
Staphylococcus
Do we give antibiotics for an open fracture?
Yes
When would we give antibiotics to a sole ulcer?
If there is an underlying cause and it persists after draining
What is this?
Septic arthiritis in the interpharyngeal joint
What are the potential bacteria involved?
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Enterobacteriacae (Gram -)
- Escherichia coli
- Shigella
- Klebsiella
- Salmonella
- Yersinia
- Citrobacter
- Serratia
- Proteus
- Staphylococcus
What do you do with a spetic arthiritis of interpharyngeal joint?
Digit amputation
Can we give bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal antibiotics at the same time?
NO
Name side effects of penicillin (4)
•Anaphylaxis, Cardiac arrhythmias, transient hypotension, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Name side effects of aminoglycosides (3)
•Nephrotoxic, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxic
Name side effects of Metronidazole (2)
•Inappetence/Anorexia, Enterocolitis
Name side effects of Tetracyclines (4)
•Nephrotoxic, gastric ulceration (doxycycline), erupting teeth and urine discoloration
Name side effects of Chloramphenicol (1)
•Reversible aplastic anemia (human)
Name side effects of Fluoroquinolone (1)
Oral ulceration
Name side effects of TMPS (1)
Enterocolitis
Name the 4 contra-indications of TMPS
- Pus (natural source of PABA)
- TMPS try and inhibit the acid of bacteria by inhbiting PABA
- Gestation (especially 1st trimester)
- Block acid folic acid which is needed in pregnancy
- Bioavailability decreased by feed
- NOT WITH IV ALPHA 2 (Sudden death) – unknown why
What is the contra indication of fluoroquinolones?
•< 3 yo (cartilage disorder)
What is the contra indication of tetracycline administration? Why?
•NEVER GIVE TETRACYLINE INTO THE MUSCLE = NECROSIS
Name 3 antibiotics concentrated in the urine (5)
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
Vancomycin
Sulfonamides/potentiated sulfonamides
Name 3 antibiotics concentrated in leucocytes (4)
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Fluoroquinolones
Rifampin
NAme 4 antibiotics of choice in the CNS (6)
- Chloramphenicol
- Doxycyline/minocycline
- Fluoroquinolones
- Metronidazole
- Rifampin
- Sulfonamides/trimethoprim
Name 2 antibtiotics to use when there in inflammation in the CNS (3)
- Penicillins
- Some cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime)
- Vancomycin
