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Small Animal Final Year > Formative COPY > Flashcards

Formative COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Infection with BVD virus during which stage of a cow’s pregnancy is likely to result in the delivery of a normal calf?

A

150+ days

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2
Q

Which of the following organisims is commensal in the bull but causes pregnancy loss in the cow?

Chlamydophila felis

Staphylococcus aureus

Campylobacter fetus

Toxoplasma gondii

Taylorella equigenitalis

A

Campylobacter fetus

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3
Q

Which of these statements regarding the oestrus of the pig is CORRECT?

  • The length of the oestrous cycle is 22-23 days
  • The time from weaning to return to oestrus is consistent
  • Ovulation occurs approximately 24 hours after the start of oestrus
  • The duration of oestrus is 18-24 hours
  • Sows are best artificially inseminated as soon as oestrus is identified
A

The time from weaning to return to oestrus is consistent

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4
Q

The binding of spermatozoa to the oocyte stimulates the completion of which process?

A

Meiosis II

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5
Q

During the first stage of parturition in the ruminant, the hormone ……… softens the ligaments in the pelvic region widening the birth canal?

A

Relaxin

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6
Q

The California Mastitis Test reagent reacts with ……..cells in the milk sample

A

somatic

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7
Q

In the developing male reproductive tract, the main endocrine factor causing regression of the paramesonephric ducts is ………… produced by the Sertoli cells.

A

amh, amtimullerian hormone, anit mullerian hormone, anit-mullian hormone, ant-mullerian hormone, anti mullarian hormone, anti mulleian hormone, anti mulleran hormone, anti mullerean hormone, anti mullerian hormone, anti-muillerian hormone, anti-mularian hormone, anti-mullarian hormone, anti-mullerian, anti-mullerian hormon, anti-mullerian hormone, anti-mullurian hormone, antimullarian, antimullarian hormone, antimullerian hormone

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8
Q

On this diagram of the bovine ovary, identify the following structures by selecting the appropriate label and placing it on to the midpoint f the correct structure.

A
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9
Q

The term …….. describes the annual pattern of oestrous cycles in the mare

A

(long day, long day breeder, long day breeders, long day polyestrus, long day polyoestrus, long day seasonal poly oestrus, long day seasonal polyestrous, long day seasonal polyoestrus, long day, seasonal polyoestrus, long-day breeder, long-day breeders, polyoestrus - long day breeder, seaonal polyoestrus long day, seasonal long day breeder, seasonal polyestrous, seasonal polyestrus, seasonal polyestrus, long day, seasonal polyoesrtus, seasonal polyoestrous, seasonal polyoestrus, seasonal polyoestrus long day breeder, seasonal polyoestrus short day, seasonal polyoestrus, long day, seasonal polyoestus, seasonal, long-day, polyoestrus, , seasonally polyoestrus, seasonally polyoestrus (long day), seasonally polyoestrus, long day, seasonaly polyoestrus)

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10
Q

Which steriodogenic cells are recruited during the formation of secondary follicles?

A

Theca.

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11
Q

Which cell type produces oestradiol in response to follicle stimulating hormone stimulation?

A

Granulosa.

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12
Q

Which cell type is found in the testes and responds to luteinising hormone to produce testosterone?

A

Leydig.

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13
Q

Oxytocin receptors are up-regulated in which cell type as part of the initiation of the luteolytic mechanism?

A

Luminal epithelial.

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14
Q

This factor is responsible for de-feminisation of the brain during fetal development.

A

Oestradiol.

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15
Q

This factor is responsible for sex determination in mammals.

A

SRY gene.

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16
Q

This factor will prevent a sex steroid from crossing the blood brain barrier.

A

Alpha foetoprotein.

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17
Q

What is the time period of definitive embryonic implantation in the mare?

A

36 days

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18
Q

What is the time period when the placenta takes over from the corpus luteum in the production of progesterone in sheep?

A

50 days

19
Q

What is the gestation length in cats?

A

65 days

20
Q

In the pregnant mare, what is the time period when equine chorionic gonadotrophin levels are maximal?

A

80 days

21
Q

Within this schematic picture, which structure best represents the position of the bulbo-urethral glands?

A

E

22
Q

Which of the terms below best describes the embryonic developmental stage in the this image?

A

Ootid

23
Q

At parturition, vasoconstriction of the chorionic arteries results in which ONE of the following events?

  • Regression of the luteal cells producing progesterone.
  • Splitting of the allantochorion at the cervical star.
  • Separation of chorionic villi from endometrial crypts.
  • Involution of the uterus during the puerperium.
  • Development of the foetus, the normal disposition for birth.
A

Separation of chorionic villi from endometrial crypts.

24
Q

Which ONE of the following species is depicted in this anatomical photograph of the female reproductive tract?

Rabbit.

Mare.

Ewe.

Cow.

Sow.

A

Sow.

25
Q

During spermatogenesis, which ONE of the following correctly describes the formation of spermatids?

  • After the 1st meiotic division and prior to the formation of primary spermatocytes.
  • After the 2nd meiotic division following differentiation of secondary spermatocytes.
  • After the 2nd meiotic division following differentiation of B spermatogonia.
  • Prior to the 1st meiotic division following mitotic division of the I spermatogonia.
  • Prior to the1st meiotic division following mitotic division of the B spermatogonia.
A

After the 2nd meiotic division following differentiation of secondary spermatocytes.

26
Q

Which ONE of the following statements correctly describes the characteristic feedback mechanisms of the HPO axis during the follicular phase? (Both statements must be correct in full)

  • Positive feedback effect of oestradiol on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
  • Negative feedback effect of oestradiol on the hypothalamic tonic centre BUT positive feedback effect on the anterior pituitary gland
  • Positive feedback effect of oestradiol on the hypothalamic tonic centre BUT negative feedback effect of inhibin on the anterior pituitary gland
  • Positive feedback of oestradiol on the hypothalamic surge centre and a negative feedback effect of inhibin on gonadotrophin release.
  • Negative feedback effect of oestradiol on both hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
A

Positive feedback of oestradiol on the hypothalamic surge centre and a negative feedback effect of inhibin on gonadotrophin release.

27
Q

Which ONE of the following descriptions best describes the type of placenta of the queen?

  • Endotheliochorial, zonary, non-deciduate.
  • Endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate.
  • Haemochorial, discoid, deciduate.
  • Synepitheliochorial, cotyledonary, non-deciduate.
  • Epitheliochorial, invasive, deciduate.
A

Endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate.

Correct

28
Q

Which ONE of the following time periods best describes when the majority of pregnancy loss occurs in domestic species?

  • At parturition.
  • At fertilisation.
  • Between the maternal recognition of pregnancy and the completion of foetal organogenesis.
  • After foetal organogenesis.
  • Between fertilisation and the maternal recognition of pregnancy.
A

Between fertilisation and the maternal recognition of pregnancy.

29
Q

Which of the following is the approximate volume of the ejaculate of the boar?

  • 3-5 ml.
  • 30-35 ml.
  • 200-250 ml.
  • 75-100 ml
  • 1-2 ml.
A

200-250 ml.

30
Q

Which of the following describes the action of interferon tau during maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep?

  • Stimulates endometrial oestrogen receptor expression
  • Suppresses prostaglandin E2 secretion.
  • Suppresses endometrial oxytocin receptor expression
  • Maintains progesterone production by direct action on the corpus luteum.
  • Initiates up-regulation of oxytocin receptors.
A

Suppresses endometrial oxytocin receptor expression

31
Q

During the milk ejection reflex, oxytocin acts on which cells?

  • Alveolar myoepithelial cells.
  • Alveolar secretory epithelial cells.
  • Alveolar endothelial cells
  • Alveolar myofibroblast cells
  • Cells of the milk ducts.
A

Alveolar myoepithelial cells.

32
Q

Which parameter is increased when a dairy cow is in negative energy balance?

  • Body reserves.
  • Insulin.
  • IGF.
  • Non esterified fatty acids.
  • Glucose.
A

Non esterified fatty acids.

33
Q

Which ONE of the following statements about avian reproductive endocrinology is CORRECT?

  • Progesterone stimulates medullary calcification in the long bones.
  • Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation.
  • The ovarian theca cells produce progesterone.
  • The ovulatory LH surge can only occur if progesterone is high enough during the open period.
  • Oestrogen stimulates the LH surge which results in ovulation.
A

The ovulatory LH surge can only occur if progesterone is high enough during the open period.

34
Q

Which ONE of the following statements on pseudopregnancy is CORRECT?

  • Type 2 pseudopregnancy in the mare can be treated with prostaglandin.
  • Pseudopregnancy in the bitch may be treated with dopamine antagonists.
  • In the goat, detectable levels of oestrone sulphate are indicative of pseudopregnancy.
  • All non-pregnant bitches exhibit pseudopregnancy but with variable clinical signs.
  • In the non-mated queen, pseudopregnancy may occur due to the failure of luteal regression.
A

All non-pregnant bitches exhibit pseudopregnancy but with variable clinical signs.

35
Q

What would be the effect of administering GnRH to a cow in the immediate post-ovulatory period (day 1-2 of the cycle)?

  • No effect on follicle development or ovulation.
  • The emergence of a new follicular wave (through FSH) but no ovulation.
  • An LH surge and ovulation resulting in the generation of a primary CL.
  • Regression of the newly formed CL
  • An LH surge and ovulation resulting in the generation of accessory CL.
A

The emergence of a new follicular wave (through FSH) but no ovulation.

36
Q

Which ONE of the following hormones is critical for the pig blastocyst to secrete in order to establish pregnancy?

  • Prostaglandin F2a
  • Interferon tau.
  • Androstenedione.
  • Progesterone.
  • Oestradiol.
A

Oestradiol.

37
Q

Which ONE of the following statements describing a transgenic animal is CORRECT?

  • An animal carrying genetic material from a different species.
  • An animal that has been engineered to transfer its genetic material to a different species.
  • An animal with its genome deleted and replaced by a human genome.
  • A hybrid animal obtained by breeding two different species.
  • An animal with its entire DNA replaced by the DNA of a different animal.
A

An animal carrying genetic material from a different species.

38
Q

Which ONE of the following statments describing early folliculogenesis is CORRECT?

  • Preantral follicle development is stimulated by LH.
  • Preantral follicle development requires FSH
  • Primordial follicle initiation results in the resumption of meiosis (in the oocyte).
  • Primordial follicle initiation begins with the formation of cuboidal theca cells.
  • Preantral follicle development takes several months in ruminants.
A

Preantral follicle development takes several months in ruminants.

39
Q

On the following image of the bull reproductive tract, the arrow points to which ONE of the following?

  • Ampulla.
  • Vesicular glands.
  • Prostate.
  • Bulbourethral glands.
  • Ductus deferens.
A

Ampulla.

40
Q

Which of the following best describes resumption of ovarian activity following parturition in suckler beef cows?

  • Oestrus and ovulation occurs 5 to 12 days after calving.
  • The length of postpartum anoestrus is principally determined by level of milk production
  • The first ovulation postpartum is typically associated with prolonged oestrus.
  • The duration of the postpartum aoestrus is strongly influenced by the presence of the calf
  • The first oestrous cycle postpartum is usually 21 days long
A
  • The first ovulation postpartum is typically associated with prolonged oestrus.
    • Incorrect. The first postpartum ovulation is usually a ‘silent’ ovulation.
  • The duration of the postpartum aoestrus is strongly influenced by the presence of the calf
    • Correct. The suckling calf suppresses the reproductive axis but many other factors contribute to the postpartum anœstrus. Reference: Youngquist, R. S. (1997). Current therapy in large animal theriogenology. Philadelphia, W.B. Sanders Co. p265
41
Q

The following table shows the production performance of both parents and the F1 generation.

Which performance parameter(s) show hybrid vigour in the F1 generation animals?

A

Only 305 day milk yield.

42
Q

Which fetal membrane should normally be present at the vulva during parturition in the cow?

A

Amnion.

Correct. The fluid filled amnion should appear at the vulva after rupture of the chorioallantois.

43
Q

In most species, the time to be born is determined by which ONE of the following?

  • The mother.
  • The fetus.
  • The maternal adrenal gland.
  • The father.
  • The maternal hypothalamus.
A

The fetus.

Small Animal Final Year (317 decks)

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