Reproductive Exam Flashcards
What are the clinical signs of ORS in the bitch?
•Clinical signs of proestrus and oestrus at the normal expected interval
–Swelling of the vulva
–Attraction of males + copulation
–Serosangineous vulval discharge if ovariectomy, or portion of uterus left at ovariohysterectomy
•Pseudopregnancy that follows oestrus
What are the signs of ORS in the queen?
•Clinical signs of proestrus and oestrus at the normal expected interval
–Swelling of the vulva
–Persistence of oestrous behaviour
–Attraction of males + copulation
When may psuedopregnancy be seen in the queen?
•May have pseudopregnancy if mated, or there is spontaneous ovulation
How do you diagnose ORS?(11)
- Examination of removed tissue after surgery
- Clinical signs of a return of oestrus at the normal expected interval
–Presence of the clinical signs of oestrus or pseudopregnancy
- Vaginal cytology during proestrus or oestrus
- Vaginal endoscopy during proestrus or oestrus
- Detection of elevated progesterone after oestrus or after induced ovulation in queen
- Elevated concentration of oestrogen following administration of GnRH or hCG
- Ultrasound examination of the ovaries
- Exploratory surgery
- Diagnosis of ovarian and uterine enlargement using radiography or ultrasonography
- Diagnosis of ovarian and/or uterine pathology using endocrine testing or haematological methods
–Basal oestrogen testing is often not diagnostic
•NB care must be taken in the interpretation of clinical signs of pseudopregnancy in the bitch:
–May be induced by removal of the ovaries during luteal phase
–May be induced by administration/withdrawal of progestogens
–May be continued by administration of progestogens
What progesterone levels indicate the bitch has ovulated?
· Progesterone >8mg/ml likely to have ovulated
How do you feel the iliac LNs in the male and when may it be enlarged?
· To feel iliac LNs turn finger dorsally once at the level of the prostate; will be enlarged in neoplasia
When is peak of pro ovulation in commercial poultry?
20-40 weeks old
When do we cull poultry?
72-79 weeks
What is the difference in ovary appearance between immature, puberty and mature?
Immature: 1 ovary cleft, smooth triangle
Puberty: nodular/cobbled ovary
Mature: Ovary will be full of follicle (yolks)
Discuss the route of the egg.
Progesteroneà stimulate LH à follicle breaks of stigma (avascular line on follicle) à ovum (oocyte) released.
Ovum is engulfed by infundibulum (active) à if not caught leads to ovum in cavity = EGG PERITONITIS
From infundibulum to magnum (add egg white)
Isthmus (inner and outer membranes)
Shell gland: adds egg (calcium carbonate), stays here for around 21 hours (of the 24 hours pro-ovulation)
Water and minerals drawn in, occupy space in the egg.
Vagina: egg turns around, comes out the blunt end first.
Goes from the vagina to cloaca, then out the vent
Semen in poultry is very dense, and is viable for 7-14 days.
What is egg peritonitis?
Inflammation of the coelomic cavity near repro tract = collection of disorders
Ova fall in the peritoneum, bacteria get access to ova = Peritonitis
What are the clinical signs of egg peritonitis? (5)
· Pyrexia, congestion
· Wings dropped, lethargic/listless
· Swollen abdomen
· Upright stance
· Breathing affected – increased effort
What are the potential causes of egg peritonitis? (4)
· Egg binding – large egg , incorrect timing
· Salpingitis leading to obstruction of tract
· Congenital/double ovulation
· Follicles breaking off ovary with trauma
How can we diagnose egg peritonitis? (3)
· Palpation
· Radiography
· Aspirates
What are the likely bacteria causing egg peritonitis? (5)
· E.Coli – likely to be what kills the bird by toxaemia /septicamiea
· Salmonella
· Staphylococcus
· Kleibsiella
· Proteus
What is this?
Female Chicken
What is this?
Male Chicken
