Heart Failure Problems Flashcards
What is a “gallop” rhythm?
Where S4 and/or S3 can be heard in a 3 time rhythm with S1 and S2
What is responsible for the additional gallop sound(s)?
Filling of a stiff left ventricle/large amount of blood into (S3- passive ventricular filling), Atrial contraction to push blood into a stiff left ventricle (S4)
What makes gallop sounds audible that are not normally audible in cats?
Cardiac hypertrophy. Blood into Stiff ventricle
What can be seen?
Increased opacity in dorsal caudal lung fields – interstitial pattern.
Potential vascular pattern in pulmonary vessels?
Heart height around 2/3 of thorax so fine, width slightly enlarged? Over 2 rib spaces. But axial rotation- so accurate?
What does this show?
A short-axis
(cross sectional)
view of the L ventricle shows a thick LV free wall and a thick interventricular septum with a small ventricular lumen
What can be seen?
A short-axis
(cross sectional)
view of the L ventricle shows a thick LV free wall and a thick interventricular septum
–Is the origin of the rhythm above or below the atrio-ventricular node?
–What is his heart rate?
- •Yes as complexes are narrow and upright and there QRS for every P so it must be coming from the SAN
- –3000 small boxes/min
–Divide 3000 by 11 as that’s the number of small boxes between R complexes
–=273bpm
What causes a prominent apex beat with:
Hypertrophied wall of the left ventricle
Hypertrophied intraventricular septum
Small lumen
Volume overload
Why are the pulses weak? When:
Hypertrophied wall of the left ventricle
Hypertrophied intraventricular septum
Small lumen
–Lack of cardiac output due to decreased ventricle size, and often acute before can compensate
Why does cardiac output fall in DCM?
•Reduced myocardial contractility (CO= SV x HR, SV = EDV- ESV)
