Systemic Fungal Infections Flashcards
What 4 populations are at risk for infection with Candida Albicans?
Immunocompromised
Women
Babies
Morbidly Obese
What does Candida Albicans cause in the Immunocompromised?
Oral thrush that leads to Esophagitis
What does Candida Albicans cause in Women?
Vaginitis with itching and discharge
What does Candida Albicans cause in Babies and Obese individuals?
Rash in the skin folds
Rash in the skin folds is likely caused by what fungus?
Candida Albicans
What are 3 thermally dimorphic systemic fungi?
Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Coccidiodes Immitis
What are 3 thermally dimorphic systemic fungi?
Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Coccidiodes Immitis
Where and in what is Histoplasma Capsulatum found?
Bird and Bat droppings in the OH, MO, MI river vallies
What are the symptoms of Histoplasma Capsulatum?
Asymptomatic with calcified lesions
OR pneumonia
Where and in what is Blastomyces Dermatitidis found?
Soil of MI river valley
What are the symptoms of Blastomyces Dermatitidis?
Symptomatic with Pneumonia and SKIN LESIONS
Where is Coccidiodes Immitis found?
Southwest U.S in desert areas
What are the symptoms of Coccidiodes Immitis?
Self-limited acute pneumonia
The thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidiodes) cause what?
Primary lung infections by inhaling spores
How do the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes) spread and what is the result?
Hematogenously =
= Granulomas
All the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes) show an increase in what cells?
Eosinophils
Increased eosinophils can indicate?
Infection by the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi
= Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidiodes
What fungi is found in pigeon droppings worldwide?
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Cryptococcus Neoformans is found in?
Pigeon droppings worldwide
Cryptococcus Neoformans usually affects?
Immunocompromised
What causes disease with Cryptococcus Neoformans infection?
Large Polysaccharide capsule
Large Polysaccharide capsule causes disease with what fungi?
Cryptococcus Neoformans
What symptoms does Cryptococcus Neoformans cause in immunocompromised?
Meningoencephalitis
- fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia
Order of spread through the body of Cryptococcus Neoformans?
Lung
Blood
CNS
= Meningoencephalitis
How do you diagnose Cryptococcus Neoformans?
India Ink shows clearing around the capsule
Where and in what is Cryptococcus Gattii found?
Pacific Northwest U.S. in certain tree soil (fir)
What symptoms does Cryptococcus Gattii cause?
Similar to Cryptococcus Neoformans but affects HEALTHY PEOPLE WITH MORE PULMONARY manifestations
Meningoencephalitis + pulmonary manifestations in healthy people
Cryptococcus Gattii
What does Aspergillus contaminate?
Grains, peanuts, corn, rice
What can contaminate grains, peanuts, corn, rice?
Aspergillus
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Caused by Aspergillus
= Bronchospasm mediated by IgE
Aspergilloma
- Lung cavitation filled with Aspergillus
“fungus ball”
“fungus ball”
Aspergilloma in the lungs
What toxin does Aspergillus produce in food?
Aflatoxin
What does Aflatoxin ingestion cause?
- Produced by Aspergillus
= Chronic hepatic injury that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma
What 3 populations are at risk for infection with Mucormycosis?
Immunocompromised
Diabetics
Organ transplant
In what conditions does Mucormycosis grow?
Increased glucose and acidic conditions
What potentiates infection of Mucormycosis?
Deferoxamine
What does Deferoxamine do?
Potentiates infection of Mucormycosis by delivering iron to the fungus
What is the main infection caused by Mucormycosis?
Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral infection
- fatal if not treated
Sinus pain that progresses to involve the orbit, palate and brain is caused by?
Mucormycosis
Pneumocytis Jiroveci infects what population?
AIDS defining illness
What shape does Pneumocytis Jiroveci take?
Crushed ping pong ball shape
Symptoms of infection by Pneumocytis Jiroveci?
Fever, shortness of breath, non-productive cough
What are the Fungi-like Bacteria?
Actinomyces
Nocardia Asteroides
Attributes of Actinomyces?
Fungi-like bacteria
Gram (+)
Anaerboic and filamentous
Actinomyces is normal flora in many locations. What structural formation does it create?
Sulfur granule formation
= Actinomyces mixed with inflammatory debris
(Fungi-like bacteria)
What are the symptoms of infection with Actinomyces?
Cervicofacial eroding abscesses
Fungi-like bactera
Attributes of Nocardia Asteroides?
Fungi-like bacteria
Gram (+)
Aerobic and filamentous
Acid-fast bacilli
Nocardia Asteroides is similar to what?
Tuberculosis
Symptoms of infection with Norcardia Asteroides?
- Fungi-like bacteria
= Pneumonia, lung abscesses, cavitations
