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MOD > Systemic Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Systemic Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 populations are at risk for infection with Candida Albicans?

A

Immunocompromised
Women
Babies
Morbidly Obese

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2
Q

What does Candida Albicans cause in the Immunocompromised?

A

Oral thrush that leads to Esophagitis

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3
Q

What does Candida Albicans cause in Women?

A

Vaginitis with itching and discharge

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4
Q

What does Candida Albicans cause in Babies and Obese individuals?

A

Rash in the skin folds

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5
Q

Rash in the skin folds is likely caused by what fungus?

A

Candida Albicans

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6
Q

What are 3 thermally dimorphic systemic fungi?

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Coccidiodes Immitis

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7
Q

What are 3 thermally dimorphic systemic fungi?

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Coccidiodes Immitis

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8
Q

Where and in what is Histoplasma Capsulatum found?

A

Bird and Bat droppings in the OH, MO, MI river vallies

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Histoplasma Capsulatum?

A

Asymptomatic with calcified lesions

OR pneumonia

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10
Q

Where and in what is Blastomyces Dermatitidis found?

A

Soil of MI river valley

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Blastomyces Dermatitidis?

A

Symptomatic with Pneumonia and SKIN LESIONS

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12
Q

Where is Coccidiodes Immitis found?

A

Southwest U.S in desert areas

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Coccidiodes Immitis?

A

Self-limited acute pneumonia

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14
Q

The thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidiodes) cause what?

A

Primary lung infections by inhaling spores

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15
Q

How do the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes) spread and what is the result?

A

Hematogenously =

= Granulomas

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16
Q

All the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi (histoplasma, blastomyces, coccidiodes) show an increase in what cells?

A

Eosinophils

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17
Q

Increased eosinophils can indicate?

A

Infection by the thermally dimorphic systemic fungi

= Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidiodes

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18
Q

What fungi is found in pigeon droppings worldwide?

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

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19
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans is found in?

A

Pigeon droppings worldwide

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20
Q

Cryptococcus Neoformans usually affects?

A

Immunocompromised

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21
Q

What causes disease with Cryptococcus Neoformans infection?

A

Large Polysaccharide capsule

22
Q

Large Polysaccharide capsule causes disease with what fungi?

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

23
Q

What symptoms does Cryptococcus Neoformans cause in immunocompromised?

A

Meningoencephalitis

- fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia

24
Q

Order of spread through the body of Cryptococcus Neoformans?

A

Lung
Blood
CNS
= Meningoencephalitis

25
Q

How do you diagnose Cryptococcus Neoformans?

A

India Ink shows clearing around the capsule

26
Q

Where and in what is Cryptococcus Gattii found?

A

Pacific Northwest U.S. in certain tree soil (fir)

27
Q

What symptoms does Cryptococcus Gattii cause?

A

Similar to Cryptococcus Neoformans but affects HEALTHY PEOPLE WITH MORE PULMONARY manifestations

28
Q

Meningoencephalitis + pulmonary manifestations in healthy people

A

Cryptococcus Gattii

29
Q

What does Aspergillus contaminate?

A

Grains, peanuts, corn, rice

30
Q

What can contaminate grains, peanuts, corn, rice?

A

Aspergillus

31
Q

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

A
  • Caused by Aspergillus

= Bronchospasm mediated by IgE

32
Q

Aspergilloma

A
  • Lung cavitation filled with Aspergillus

“fungus ball”

33
Q

“fungus ball”

A

Aspergilloma in the lungs

34
Q

What toxin does Aspergillus produce in food?

A

Aflatoxin

35
Q

What does Aflatoxin ingestion cause?

A
  • Produced by Aspergillus

= Chronic hepatic injury that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma

36
Q

What 3 populations are at risk for infection with Mucormycosis?

A

Immunocompromised
Diabetics
Organ transplant

37
Q

In what conditions does Mucormycosis grow?

A

Increased glucose and acidic conditions

38
Q

What potentiates infection of Mucormycosis?

A

Deferoxamine

39
Q

What does Deferoxamine do?

A

Potentiates infection of Mucormycosis by delivering iron to the fungus

40
Q

What is the main infection caused by Mucormycosis?

A

Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral infection

- fatal if not treated

41
Q

Sinus pain that progresses to involve the orbit, palate and brain is caused by?

A

Mucormycosis

42
Q

Pneumocytis Jiroveci infects what population?

A

AIDS defining illness

43
Q

What shape does Pneumocytis Jiroveci take?

A

Crushed ping pong ball shape

44
Q

Symptoms of infection by Pneumocytis Jiroveci?

A

Fever, shortness of breath, non-productive cough

45
Q

What are the Fungi-like Bacteria?

A

Actinomyces

Nocardia Asteroides

46
Q

Attributes of Actinomyces?

A

Fungi-like bacteria
Gram (+)
Anaerboic and filamentous

47
Q

Actinomyces is normal flora in many locations. What structural formation does it create?

A

Sulfur granule formation
= Actinomyces mixed with inflammatory debris

(Fungi-like bacteria)

48
Q

What are the symptoms of infection with Actinomyces?

A

Cervicofacial eroding abscesses

Fungi-like bactera

49
Q

Attributes of Nocardia Asteroides?

A

Fungi-like bacteria
Gram (+)
Aerobic and filamentous
Acid-fast bacilli

50
Q

Nocardia Asteroides is similar to what?

A

Tuberculosis

51
Q

Symptoms of infection with Norcardia Asteroides?

A
  • Fungi-like bacteria

= Pneumonia, lung abscesses, cavitations

MOD (68 decks)

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