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MOD > Forensics - Physical Injury > Flashcards

Forensics - Physical Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Abrasions

A

Damage to epidermis - “scrapes”

- Greater or lesser hemorrhage beneath

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2
Q

Abrasions are caused by?

A

Tangential blunt force

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3
Q

Contusions

A

Intact skin with hemorrhage in dermis below - “bruise”

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4
Q

Contusions are caused by?

A

Blunt force

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5
Q

Contusions tend to change colors as healing progresses. What is signified if the contusion is yellow?

A

Older than 18 hours

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6
Q

Are all bruises considered contusions?

A

NO - contusions are solely from blunt force trauma

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7
Q

Lacerations

A

Splitting of skin with hemorrhagic bridges in depths

- Wider than they are deep!

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8
Q

Lacerations are caused by?

A

Blunt force that overcomes tensile properties of skin

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9
Q

Incise wounds

A

Splitting of skin WITHOUT bridges in depths

- Deeper than they are wide!

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10
Q

Incise wounds are caused by?

A

Sharp objects - knives, razors, etc.

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11
Q

What are examples of chronic disorders than can cause more severe bleeding at wound sites?

A
  1. Renal disease (due to HTN and diabetes)
  2. Liver disease (due to alcohol abuse)
  3. Autoimmune, coagulation or neoplastic disorders
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12
Q

With blunt force trauma, the risk for what increases?

A

Intracranial hemorrhage and bleeding into organs and body cavities

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13
Q

With blunt force trauma, the risk for intracranial hemorrhage and bleeding organs increases for what population?

A

Elderly

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14
Q

When drug abuse is added to a case, why is that viewed as problematic in court?

A

Adds ambiguity

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15
Q

GSW

A

Gunshot Wound

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16
Q

What are GSWs characterized by?

A

Marginal Abrasion

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17
Q

Types of Handguns?

A

Revolver

Semiautomatic

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18
Q

Handguns are ____ velocity weapons

A

LOW

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19
Q

What type of bullets do handguns use?

A

Small caliber bullets such as hollow point round

20
Q

Describe what happens when small caliber bullets used by handguns meet tissue

A

Slow with tumbling

= Deformed bullet remains in the individual causes more tissue damage!

21
Q

Why do handguns cause lots of tissue damage?

A

Due to the deformed bullets remaining inside the individual

22
Q

Many handguns and long guns have rifling. What is that?

A

Grooves cut into barrel of gun that add accuracy and impart grooves on bullets

23
Q

What does rifling allow for?

A

To match the bullet to the gun

24
Q

What is a type of gun that shoots handgun ammunition?

A

Machine pistols (uzi-type)

25
Q

Civilian versions of machine pistols are?

A

Semiautomatic

26
Q

Police versions of machine pistols are?

A

Automatic

27
Q

Types of Long guns?

A

Rifles

  • Magazines
  • Bolt action
28
Q

Long guns (rifles) are ____ velocity weapons

A

HIGH

29
Q

Long guns shoot what type of bullets?

A

Fully jacketed

30
Q

With long guns, the exit site is what compared to handguns?

A

Larger and more stellate

31
Q

Types of Shotguns?

A

Smoothbore

32
Q

What are shotguns loaded with?

A

Shells that contain pellets of varying size (gauge)

33
Q

What controls the spray of pellets from a shotgun?

A

Choke structure

34
Q

Lesser choke on a shotgun results in?

A

GREATER dispersion of shot mass

35
Q

Too short of a choke on a shotgun is?

A

Illegal riot gun

- due to wide dispersion at a short range

36
Q

What else can be loaded into shotguns that cause devastating short range injuries?

A

Slugs

37
Q

Range refers to?

A

Distance from end of gun barrel to entry wound on individual

38
Q

What is seen with a contact or close range GSW?

A
  • Soot and gunpowder in depths of wound

- Muzzle or sight burn stigmata

39
Q

What is seen with an intermediate range GSW?

A

Dirt, soot, gunpowder embed in the skin

40
Q

“powder tattooing or stippling”

A

Dirt, soot, gunpowder embedded in the skin with intermediate range GSWs

41
Q

What is seen with a distant range GSW?

A

NO soot, dirt or particles at wound site!!

42
Q

Describe the layers of the adult skull affected by a GSW

A

Outer table
Diploe (spongy bone/cancellous bone)
Inner table

43
Q

Entry site for a bullet to the head is characterized by?

A

Outer table circumscribed

Inner table beveled

44
Q

Exit site for a bullet to the head is characterized by?

A

Inner table circumscribed

Outer table beveled

45
Q

As a projectile encounters tissue is slows down. What does this cause?

A

Mass transfers energy to substrate

46
Q

If the tissue is beveled, it received?

A

More energy transfer

47
Q

What allows medical examiners to discern between the entry and exits GSWs to the head?

A

Circumscription and beveling

MOD (68 decks)

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