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MOD > Gram (+) Bacteria - Cocci > Flashcards

Gram (+) Bacteria - Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Catalase (+) Cocci?

A

Staphylococcus

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2
Q

Staphylococcus is ____ (+)

A

Catalase (+)

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3
Q

Catalase (-) Cocci?

A

Streptococcus/Enterococcus

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4
Q

Streptococcus/Enterococcus are _____ (-)

A

Catalase (-)

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5
Q

Catalase (+) organisms do what?

A

Reduce hydrogen peroxide and form bubbles

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6
Q

Catalase (+) and Coagulase (+) Cocci?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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7
Q

Catalase (+) and Coagulase (-) Cocci?

A

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

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8
Q

What color is often described with Staphylococcus Aureus?

A

Golden yellow clusters

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9
Q

Respiratory condition caused by Staphylococcus Aureus that is usually after?

A

Pneumonia after a viral infection

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10
Q

Examples of skin and soft tissue conditions caused by Staphylococcus Aureus?

A 
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
Impetigo
Furuncles
Wounds and Abscesses
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11
Q

Heart condition caused by Staphylococcus Aureus?

A

Acute and Necrotizing Endocarditis

– Think IV drug users (Tricuspid valve)

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12
Q

Bone condition caused by Staphylococcus Aureus?

A

Septic Osteomyelitis

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13
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus causes what GI condition?

A

Gastroenteritis

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14
Q

Gastroenteritis from Staphylococcus Aureus is mediated by what toxin?

A

Preformed Enterotoxin

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15
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus causes what skin condition that is toxin mediated?

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

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16
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome from Staphylococcus Aureus is mediated by what toxin?

A

Exfoliative Toxin A and B

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17
Q

Symptoms and age group for Scalded Skin Syndrome from S. Aureus?

A

Peeling of skin

- Affects children and infants

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18
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus causes what multi-system condition that is toxin mediated?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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19
Q

Toxic Shock syndrome from Staphylococcus Aureus is mediated by what toxin?

A

TSST-1

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20
Q

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome from S. Aureus?

A

Fever, nausea, watery diarrhea
Peeling of PALMS and SOLES
Shock, hypotension, death

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21
Q

Staphylococcus Epidermidis is catalase ___ and coagulase ___

A

Catalase (+)

Coagulase (-)

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22
Q

Virulence factor of Staphylococcus Epidermidis?

A

Biofilms

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23
Q

What does Staphylococcus Epidermidis often affect?

A

Prosthetic components
Catheters
Heart valves

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24
Q

Staphylococcus Epidermidis can cause?

A

Subacute Endocarditis and frequent contamination of blood cultures

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25
Q

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus is catalase ___ and coagulase ___

A

Catalase (+)

Coagulase (-)

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26
Q

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus is a common cause of?

A

Community acquired UTI

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27
Q

Streptococcus/Enterococcus are catalase __

A

(-)

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28
Q

Streptococcus groups that do Complete Hemolysis (beta)?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

Streptococcus Agalactiae

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29
Q

Streptococcus groups that do Partial Hemolysis (alpha)?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Viridans Streptococcus

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30
Q

Attributes of Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

Beta Hemolytic Group A
Gram (+) bacteria
Catalase (-)

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31
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococcus Pyogenes and its action?

A

Protein M

= Inhibits complement activation

32
Q

What bacteria causes Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

33
Q

Symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A

Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Exudate and purulent infection of palatine tonsils

34
Q

Scarlet fever is caused by what bacteria?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

35
Q

Scarlet Fever is caused by what toxin from Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

Pyrogenic Exotoxin

36
Q

Symptoms and common age group for Scarlet Fever mediated by Pyrogenic Exotoxin from Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

School age children

= Red, Sandpaper rash on TRUNK AND NECK ONLY, Strawberry tongue!

37
Q

What bacteria causes Erysipelas?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

38
Q

Symptoms and common age group for Erysipelas from Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

60-80 year olds

= Warm, sunburn appearance of the FACE

39
Q

What bacteria causes Necrotizing Faciitis?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

40
Q

Symptoms of Necrotizing Faciitis from Streptococcus Pyogenes?

A

Purple discoloration and painful

41
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Pyogenes can both cause what?

A

Impetigo

Cellulitis

42
Q

What often follows a Streptococcus Pharyngitis case?

A

Rheumatic Fever

- Caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes

43
Q

Rheumatic Fever has antibodies and CD4+ T cells against?

A

M protein

44
Q

Symptoms of Rheumatic Fever?

A 
Fever
Large Joints
Mitral Valvulitis
Sydenham Chorea
Subcutaneous Nodules
Erythema Marginatum
45
Q

Sydenham Chorea

A

Asymmetric jerking, hopping gait and grimacing

- Seen with Rheumatic Fever

46
Q

Erythema Marginatum

A

Ring shaped rash

- Seen with Rheumatic Fever

47
Q

What causes Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis?

A

Streptococcus Pharyngitis or a skin infection

- From streptococcus pyogenes

48
Q

What gets deposited where with Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis?

A

Antigen-Antibody complex in the glomerular basement membrane

49
Q

Symptoms and age group for Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis?

A

Children

= Edema, hypertension, hematuria and proteinuria

50
Q

With Rheumatic Fever and Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis, what are the (+) tests?

A

Antibodies to Streptolysin O and DNase B

51
Q

Attributes of Streptococcus Agalactiae

A

Beta Hemolytic
Group B
Gram (+)
Catalase (-)

52
Q

Where does Streptococcus Agalactiae colonize?

A

Vagina

53
Q

Streptococcus Agalactiae colonizes the vagina and can affect babies in utero. What does it cause?

A

Neonatal Meningitis
Sepsis
Pneumonia

54
Q

Attributes and tests of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

A 
Alpha hemolytic
Quellung Reaction (+) and Optochin Sensitive
55
Q

What bacteria is the MOST COMMON CAUSE of community acquired pneumonia and meningitis in children?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

56
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

A

IgA protease

57
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae causes what respiratory condition?

A

Pneumococcal Pneumoniae

58
Q

Symptoms of Pneumococcal Pneumoniae?

A

Lung Consolidation

Fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain

59
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae causes what neuro condition?

A

Meningitis

60
Q

Triad of symptoms of Meningitis?

A

Fever > 100.4
Nuchal Rigidity
Mental Status changes

61
Q

What bacteria can cause Otitis Media?

A

Streptococcal Pneumoniae

62
Q

Symptoms and common age group for Otitis Media?

A

Children 6-24 months old

= Ear pain, pulling at ear, hearing loss, drainage

63
Q

3 most common bacterias that can cause Otitis Media?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Moraxella Catarrhalis

64
Q

Job of the spleen?

A

Opsonize and clear bacteria

65
Q

Encapsulated bacteria can cause ____ disease in ASPLENIC patients

A

Severe

66
Q

3 most common encapsulated bacteria that can cause severe disease in ASPLENIC patients?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Neisseris Meningitis

67
Q

Attributes of Viridans Group Streptococci

A

Alpha Hemolytic - greenish hemolysis
Gram (+)
Catalase (-)

68
Q

Diseases caused by Viridans Group Streptococci?

A

Dental Cavities

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

69
Q

Pathogenesis of this organism is similar to HACEK organisms?

A

Viridans Group Streptococci

70
Q

Attributes of Enterococci Group D

A

Gamma Hemolytic
Grows on bile and is 6.5% NaCl
Normal Bowel Flora

71
Q

Infections caused by Enterococci Group D?

A

Wound infections
UTIs
Biliary tract infections

72
Q

Attributes of Group D Non-Enterococci?

A

Grows on bile and IS NOT 6.5% NaCl

73
Q

Main member of Group D Non-Enterococci?

A

Streptococcus Bovis

74
Q

Streptococcus Bovis is a member of what group and causes what?

A

Group D Non-Enterococci

= Colon cancer

75
Q

What is a common bacterial cause of colon cancer?

A

Streptococcus Bovis

- Group D Non-Enterococci bacteria

MOD (68 decks)

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