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MOD > Alcohol and Adverse Drug Reactions (9) > Flashcards

Alcohol and Adverse Drug Reactions (9) Flashcards

1
Q

What claims more lives than drugs?

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

EtOH

A

Alcohol

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3
Q

Impaired ability to control alcohol use despite adverse effects

A

Alcohol Abuse Disorder

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4
Q

How does alcohol get digested?

A

It is absorbed into the blood stream UNALTERED

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5
Q

Due to alcohol being unaltered in the blood stream, the amount exhaled is?

A

Proportional to the blood level

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6
Q

Drunk driving blood alcohol level and drink number

A

80 mg/dl

= 3 drinks

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7
Q

A blood alcohol content of 300 mg/dl will cause?

A

Coma

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8
Q

Alcohol tolerance

A

Alcoholics metabolize alcohol at a HIGHER rate, thus they have lower alcohol levels in blood even after same number of drinks

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9
Q

What enzyme breaks down alcohol?

A

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Alcohol is taken to ______ by alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Acetaldehyde -> Acetate

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11
Q

What ethnicity has decreased ability to metabolize alcohol because they have decreased levels of alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

Asians

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12
Q

Describe how alcohol causes liver injury

A
  • Alcohol causes Endotoxin release from Gram (-) bacteria
  • Endotoxins cause release of TNF from macrophages
    = Hepatic injury
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13
Q

Acute Alcoholism effects can be reversed if consumption is stopped. What are those effects?

A

CNS depressant effects

Steatosis of liver

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14
Q

Chronic Alcoholism effects on the liver?

A

Steatosis

Cirrhosis (nodules)

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15
Q

Chronic Alcoholism causes a deficiency in what vitamin?

A

Thiamine (B1)

– Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

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16
Q

How does Chronic Alcoholism increase risk of coronary artery disease?

A

Lowers HDL

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17
Q

Fetal Alcohol syndrome findings?

A

Microcephaly
Facial anomalies
Decreased mental functions

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18
Q

Drinking alcohol at what point in pregnancy is the most harmful?

A

1st trimester

19
Q

Wernicke Encephalopathy

A

Reversible Thiamine (B1) deficiency

20
Q

Wernicke Encephalopathy symptoms and physical findings?

A

Psych symptoms and opthalmoplegia

- Hemorrhage and necrosis of mammillary bodies

21
Q

If Wernicke Encephalopathy goes untreated, what will result?

A

Korsakoff Syndrome

22
Q

What symptoms are seen with Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

Memory loss and confabulation

23
Q

Chronic alcohol use can also affect the brain. Describe what it does.

A

Atrophy of ANTERIOR Vermis

- Causes unsteady gait and ataxia

24
Q

Untoward effects of drugs that are given in therapeutic settings

A

Adverse Drug Reactions

25
Q

What antibiotic causes discoloration of the skin?

A

Minocycline

26
Q

Minocycline causes?

A

Discoloration of the skin

27
Q

Most common physical exam finding with hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Skin rashes

28
Q

What age population is more likely to suffer an Adverse Drug Reactions?

A

Older people

29
Q

Anticoagulants such as warfarin and pradaxa cause what adverse effect?

A

BLEEDING or thrombosis due to insufficient dosage

30
Q

Warfarin

A

Inhibits vitamin K

- Anti-clot

31
Q

Pradaxa

A

Inhibits Thrombin

- Anti-clot

32
Q

What is menopausal hormone therapy?

A

Giving menopausal women estrogen and progestons

33
Q

Good and Bad effects of menopausal hormone therapy?

A

Good - may protect against CAD

Bad - Increases risk of breast cancer and stroke

34
Q

Oral contraceptives protect against what cancers?

A

Ovarian and Endometrial

35
Q

Bad effects of oral contraceptives?

A

Increase cervical cancer risk and DVT risk

36
Q

If you smoke and take oral contraceptives, what are you at risk for?

A

DVT

37
Q

Prolonged Oral contraceptive use may cause what cancer?

A

Hepatic Adenoma

38
Q

These cause stunted growth, acne, testicular atrophy, facial hair in females, increased MI risk

A

Anabolic steroids

39
Q

Acetomenophin toxic agent created?

A

NAPQ1

40
Q

Acetomenophin can be toxic to what organ?

A

Liver

41
Q

Chronic Aspirin (salicyclate) poisoning exam findings?

A

Tinnitus (ringing), dizziness, bleeding, coma

42
Q

What is the inactive form of Alcohol Dehydrogenase seen in some Asian populations?

A

ALD*2 - Aldehyde dehydrogenase

43
Q

What are the symptoms of having the inactive version of alcohol dehydrogenase (ALD*2)?

A

Flushing, nausea, Increased HR with alcohol consumption

44
Q

How does alcohol increase the effect of other drugs?

A

It DELAYS their catabolism by competing for the CYP2E1 substrate

MOD (68 decks)

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