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MOD > Drugs of Abuse and Thermal Injuries (9) > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse and Thermal Injuries (9) Flashcards

1
Q

Cocaine causes what main symptoms?

A

Cardiac Arrhythmias
MI due to platelet aggregation and Vasoconstriction
Tachycardia and HTN

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2
Q

Lethal Cardiac Arrhythmias due to cocaine use are NOT? And what causes them?

A

DOSE - related!

Disruption of sympathetic and ion transport activity

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3
Q

Cocaine also causes decreased blood flow to?

A

Placenta

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4
Q

Opiates cause what main symptoms?

A

Respiratory Depression
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary Edema

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5
Q

If Opiates cause infections, what will occur?

A

Endocarditis in the RIGHT heart valves

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6
Q

Endocarditis in the RIGHT heart valves will most likely be from?

A

Opiate use

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7
Q

Violent behavior, confusion, hallucinations and paranoia

A

Methamphetamine

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8
Q

Chronic use of MDMA (ecstasy) causes?

A

Sleep disorders
Aggression
Depression
Anxiety

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9
Q

Marijuana bad effects

A

Increased HR, Angina with CAD if BP affected

- Cognitive and Psychomotor impairments

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10
Q

How would marijuana cause cancer?

A

High amounts of carcinogens in smoke

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11
Q

What component of Marijuana causes cognitive and psychomotor impairments?

A

THC

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12
Q

What 3 things does a burn injury depend on?

A
  1. Depth of burn
  2. % of body surface affected
  3. Internal injuries
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13
Q

The rule of 9’s is used to calculate?

A

% of body surface affected by burns

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14
Q

1st degree burn

A

Just epidermis

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15
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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16
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Epidermis, Dermis and Subcutaneous tissue

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17
Q

4th degree burn

A

All the way to the muscle

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18
Q

Shock from a burn occurs when?

A

Burns over 20% of body surface

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19
Q

Shock symptoms

A 
Pulmonary edema (more fluid in interstitial space)
Hypermetabolic state due to increased heat loss
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20
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures

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21
Q

What causes heat cramps?

A

Loss of electrolytes via sweat = cramps of muscles

22
Q

Heat exhaustion

A

Sudden fainting episode due to hypovolemia caused by dehydration - lack of cardiac compensation
- Rehydrate to recover

23
Q

Main exam finding with a heat stroke?

A

Sweating STOPS

24
Q

With a heat stroke sweating ceases. What are the effects of this?

A

Vasodilation

Hyperkalemia, tachycardia

25
Q

With a heat stroke, what gene causes sustained skeletal muscle contraction/necrosis?

A

RYR1 (calcium leak)

26
Q

A heat stroke is more likely in conditions of HIGH?

A

HIGH heat, humidity, exertion

27
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Heat-stoke-like increase in body temp. due to ANESTHETICS

28
Q

What causes Malignant Hyperthermia?

A

Anesthetics

29
Q

What is also present in patients with malignant hyperthermia when the muscles are contractured/necrosis?

A

RYR1 gene (calcium leak)

30
Q

Hypothermia gets the body temp. below 90 degrees. What is the order of what will result?

A

Bradycardia
Loss of consciousness
Atrial fibrillation

31
Q

What makes hypothermia worse?

32
Q

2 mechanisms of hypothermia?

A
  • Frostbite
  • Vasoconstriction and edema
    = hypoxia and necrosis of extremities (gangrene)
33
Q

Electrical injuries depend on the?

A

Voltage amount

34
Q

Symptoms of a low voltage injury?

A

Burns sites of entry and exit

Muscle spasms

35
Q

Symptoms of a high voltage injury?

A

Paralysis of medullary centers and more extensive burns

36
Q

What is an example of a high voltage injury?

A

Lightening

37
Q

Determinants of effect of Ionizing Radiation?

A
  1. Rate of delivery
  2. Field size
  3. Cell proliferation
  4. O2 effects and vascular damage
38
Q

Cells that have been damaged by Ionizing Radiation are similar in appearance to?

A

Cancer cells

39
Q

Total body ionizing radiation of over 50 SV affects?

40
Q

Cell changes with Ionizing Radiation

A

Nuclear and Cell swelling

- Look like cancer cells

41
Q

With burn injuries, sepsis is possible. What is an example of bacteria that can colonize?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

42
Q

With burn injuries, why can respiratory insufficiency occur?

A

Due to inhaled gases and heat effects

43
Q

What does Marijuana dependence cause?

A

Sleep issues and mood changes when OFF marijuana

44
Q

If over 40% of a body is burned, what happens to the metabolic rate?

A

Metabolic rate doubles

45
Q

Electrical injury types?

A
  1. Burns

2. Ventricular fibrillation

46
Q

Radiation emitted

47
Q

Energy absorbed

48
Q

Sievert

A

Energy absorbed (gray) X effectiveness

49
Q

Vascular changes seen with ionizing radiation?

A

NARROWING of vessel lumen and collagen deposition

50
Q

With ionizing radiation, what will be most susceptible?

A

Hematopoietic and lymphoid systems

51
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Muscle necrosis due to sustained contraction

MOD (68 decks)

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