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MOD > Hematopoietic Disorders > Flashcards

Hematopoietic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Number

A

Actual number, not a percentage

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2
Q

Anemia

A

Decreased RBCs or Hb

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3
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased RBCs or Hb

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4
Q

Thrombopenia

A

Decreased platelets

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5
Q

Thrombocythemia

A

Increased platelets

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6
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased WBCs

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7
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decreased WBCs

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8
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increased lymphocytes

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9
Q

Lymphopenia

A

Decreased lymphocytes

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10
Q

Neutropenia

A

Decreased neutrophils

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11
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increased neutrophils

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12
Q

Eosinophilia

A

Increased eosinophils

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13
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Decreased ALL cell lines

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14
Q

Decreased ALL cell lines

A

Pancytopenia

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15
Q

MCV

A

Average volume of RBCs

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16
Q

MCV less than 80 means?

A

Microcytic or Iron deficient Anemia

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17
Q

MCV greater than 100 means?

A

Macrocytic Anemia

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18
Q

MCH

A

Average mass of Hb

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19
Q

MCHC

A

Concentration of Hb in a given volume

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20
Q

RPI

A

Corrected reticulocyte % based on RBC volume

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21
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Variation in size

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22
Q

Variation in size

A

Anisocytosis

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23
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Variation in shape

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24
Q

Variation in shape

A

Poikilocytosis

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25
Q

Symptoms of iron deficient anemia?

A

Fatigue, headaches, pale skin, cold feet and hands, arrythmias

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26
Q

What are 3 causes of iron deficient anemia?

A
  1. Dietary lack of iron
  2. Impaired absorption
  3. Chronic blood or iron loss - distance running
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27
Q

Lab values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC and RDW with iron deficient anemia

A

DECREASED MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC

INCREASED RDW

28
Q

What test will help to confirm a diagnosis?

A

Peripheral blood smear

29
Q

A MCV that is normocytic (80-100) then tests?

A

Reticulocyte count

30
Q

If reticulocyte count is LOW with normocytic MCV what does that indicate?

A

Decreased production

31
Q

If reticulocyte count is HIGH with normocytic MCV what does that indicate?

A

Increased destruction

32
Q

What 3 things can cause a Macrocytic MCV - Greater than 100?

A
  1. B12 deficiency
  2. Folate deficiency
  3. Alcoholic liver disease
33
Q

B12 and Folate deficiency cause?

A

Macrocytic or Megaloblastic anemia

34
Q

Anemia caused by increased red cell loss causes what 2 things?

A
  1. Increased reticulocytes

2. Erythroid hyperplasia of bone marrow

35
Q

Most common nutritional deficiency in the world?

A

Iron

36
Q

Iron deficiency causes inadequate ____ synthesis

A

Hemoglobin

37
Q

With Compensatory erythropoisis and Asplenia, ____ RBCs can be seen

A

Nucleated

38
Q

Aplastic Anemia has a ____ bone marrow

A

Hypocellular

39
Q

Aplastic Anemia involves decreased?

A

Hematopoiesis

40
Q

4 causes of Neutrophilia?

A

Bacterial infection
Medication
Smoking
Physical stress

41
Q

Besides an infection, what can cause Neutrophilia?

A

Medication
Smoking
Physical stress

42
Q

With a bacterial infection, what type of shift is seen?

A

Left shift

= Increased band cells

43
Q

WBC count greater than 50K with increased neutrophils and no evidence of leukemia?

A

Leukemoid reaction

44
Q

What can cause Neutropenia?

A

Drugs

45
Q

What can cause Lymphocytosis?

A

EBV or other viral infection

Pertussis bacteria

46
Q

Less than 20K platelets puts you at risk for?

A

Spontaneous intracranial bleeding

47
Q

Less than 100K platelets should avoid?

A

High risk surgeries

48
Q

What would the bone marrow show with the leukemoid reaction?

A

Mature bone marrow WITHOUT an increase in blasts

49
Q

What specific marker is elevated with the leukemoid reaction?

A

LAP

50
Q

Leukemia has majorly increased?

A

WBCs

51
Q

CML

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

52
Q

Who typically gets CML?

A

Adults

53
Q

The WBC count is usually around ______ for CML

A

100,000

54
Q

What are the 3 phases of CML?

A

Chronic phase
Accelerated phase
Blast phase

55
Q

Describe the cells seen with CML?

A

At first, a spectrum of differentiated cells

– At the blast stage (towards end) = more than 20% blasts

56
Q

AML

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

57
Q

At what age does AML peak in incidence?

A

60

58
Q

Describe the cells seen with AML?

A

Greater than 20% immature myeloid blasts

59
Q

What other symptoms can AML present with?

A

Anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia

60
Q

CLL

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

61
Q

Who typically gets CLL?

A

Older adults

62
Q

Symptoms of CLL?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Hepatosplenomegaly

63
Q

ALL

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

64
Q

Who typically gets ALL?

A

Children

65
Q

Describe the cells seen with ALL?

A

Numerous blasts

66
Q

What conditions are Auer rods seen in cells?

A

AML

CML

MOD (68 decks)

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