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MOD > Hemodynamic Disorders (4) - Emboli/Shock > Flashcards

Hemodynamic Disorders (4) - Emboli/Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Most often, where does a pulmonary embolus begin?

A

A Deep Vein Thrombosis in the LE dislodges and travels to pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

The effects and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism depend on?

A

Size of the embolus

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3
Q

Saddle emboli

A

Lodge in the pulmonary trunk bifurcation and block blood supply to both lungs

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4
Q

Saddle emboli usually results in?

A

Instant death due to right sided heart failure

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5
Q

A saddle emboli involves what size of embolus?

A

LARGE

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6
Q

Medium size pulmonary emboli symptom and why?

A

Shortness of breath because the embolus makes it into pulmonary circulation

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7
Q

Small size pulmonary emboli symptom?

A

Asymptomatic

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8
Q

What are Lines of Zahn?

A

Alternating red and white lines on a clot

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9
Q

What can Lines of Zahn tell you?

A

If the clot occurred during active blood flow (while the person was still alive)

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10
Q

What makes up the Lines of Zahn?

A

White - platelets

Red - RBCs

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11
Q

If a clot has Lines of Zahn then you know that the clot occurred when?

A

While the person was still alive (antemortem)

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12
Q

What do post-mortem clots look like?

A

Red pooled blood that did NOT cause the person to die

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13
Q

What causes a fat/marrow emboli?

A

Bone fracture or soft tissue injury

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14
Q

What is introduced into circulation with a fat/marrow emboli?

A

Bone marrow and fat

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15
Q

How will a fat/marrow emboli present?

A

A few days after bone injury, patient presents with respiratory distress and mental changes

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16
Q

Air embolism

A

Introduction of air into the blood stream that obstructs blood flow

17
Q

What are 2 examples of when an air embolism can occur?

A
  1. Cardiac Catheterization

2. When a scuba diver ascends too quickly - bends/decompression sickness

18
Q

An Amniotic Fluid Embolism introduces what things into maternal blood stream?

A

Amniotic fluid
Fetal tissue
Squamous cells

19
Q

An Amniotic fluid embolism presents similarly to anaphylactic shock. What are the symptoms?

A

Sudden severe shock, dyspnea, cyanosis

– very fatal

20
Q

Infarct

A

Area of ischemia necrosis of tissue due to an occlusion of an artery

21
Q

What normally causes an infarct?

A

Thrombosis

22
Q

Area of ischemic necrosis of tissue due to occlusion

A

Infarct

23
Q

Red and White infarcts - location

A

Red - venous circulation

White - arterial circulation

24
Q

Red and White infarcts - tissue blood supply

A

Red - dual blood supply

White - 1 vessel supply

25
Q

If the rate of occlusion of a vessel is SLOW, the infarct will be ____ likely to occur

A

LESS

26
Q

If the rate of occlusion of a vessel is FAST, the infarct will be _____ likely to occur

A

MORE

27
Q

Increased Hypoxemia will _____ chances of an infarct in the tissue

A

INCREASE

28
Q

What are 3 types of shock?

A

Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

29
Q

What is shock?

A

INADEQUATE oxygen and nutrient delivery!!

30
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Decreased cardiac output causes decreased blood, oxygen and nutrient delivery

31
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Decreased blood volume causes decreased blood, oxygen and nutrient delivery

32
Q

Septic shock

A

Dysregulated host response to infection that causes decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery and clot

33
Q

Steps of septic shock

A
  1. Inflammatory response
    - PAMPS cause cytokine release
    - Activation of complement
  2. Endothelial activation
    - Edema and Vasodilation
    - PROcoagulant state
34
Q

Results of septic shock?

A

Hypotension, hypovolemia, clot formation, decreased O2

35
Q

What organs start to fail with septic shock?

A

Heart, kidneys, lungs

MOD (68 decks)

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